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Questions and Answers
What does Article 14 ensure regarding individuals?
What does Article 14 ensure regarding individuals?
- It allows the state to impose restrictions for public order.
- It mandates equal protection of the laws for all individuals. (correct)
- It provides freedom to practice any profession.
- It guarantees freedom of speech and expression.
Which of the following rights is NOT explicitly included in Article 19?
Which of the following rights is NOT explicitly included in Article 19?
- Freedom to practice any profession
- Right to work in any foreign country (correct)
- Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms
- Freedom to move freely throughout India
What is a common restriction that applies to the right to freedom of speech and expression?
What is a common restriction that applies to the right to freedom of speech and expression?
- Restrictions are only permissible when laws are broken.
- Restrictions may occur for internal security. (correct)
- Restrictions apply only during election periods.
- Restrictions cannot be imposed for any reason.
Which of the following best describes the restrictions on rights guaranteed by Article 19?
Which of the following best describes the restrictions on rights guaranteed by Article 19?
What does Article 21 primarily protect?
What does Article 21 primarily protect?
How does Article 14 relate to discrimination?
How does Article 14 relate to discrimination?
Which of the following freedoms is associated with Article 19?
Which of the following freedoms is associated with Article 19?
What role do Constitutional remedies play in relation to individual rights?
What role do Constitutional remedies play in relation to individual rights?
What must the police do regarding the arrest of an individual?
What must the police do regarding the arrest of an individual?
Which Article is emphasized for protecting an array of human rights, including the right to dignified living?
Which Article is emphasized for protecting an array of human rights, including the right to dignified living?
What is a key feature of the Parliamentary system in India?
What is a key feature of the Parliamentary system in India?
What safeguards help prevent abuses of power in the context of Fundamental Rights in India?
What safeguards help prevent abuses of power in the context of Fundamental Rights in India?
What was the primary legal outcome of Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018)?
What was the primary legal outcome of Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018)?
Which is true about the members of the Rajya Sabha?
Which is true about the members of the Rajya Sabha?
Which practice was challenged in the case of Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)?
Which practice was challenged in the case of Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017)?
What happens if the Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion?
What happens if the Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion?
What significant Act was passed following the judgment of Shayara Bano v. Union of India?
What significant Act was passed following the judgment of Shayara Bano v. Union of India?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a challenge to the implementation of women-centric laws?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a challenge to the implementation of women-centric laws?
Which of the following rights is NOT specifically listed as protected under Article 21?
Which of the following rights is NOT specifically listed as protected under Article 21?
What is the relationship between the executive branch and the legislature in India's Parliamentary system?
What is the relationship between the executive branch and the legislature in India's Parliamentary system?
What is one of the criticisms of Section 498A of the IPC?
What is one of the criticisms of Section 498A of the IPC?
How do cultural and social barriers affect women's rights?
How do cultural and social barriers affect women's rights?
Which constitutional right was violated according to the Supreme Court in the context of triple talaq?
Which constitutional right was violated according to the Supreme Court in the context of triple talaq?
What is a consequence of judicial delays in the legal system for women seeking justice?
What is a consequence of judicial delays in the legal system for women seeking justice?
What does the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 primarily criminalize?
What does the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 primarily criminalize?
What landmark guidelines were established from the Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan case?
What landmark guidelines were established from the Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan case?
What were the implications of the Lata Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh ruling?
What were the implications of the Lata Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh ruling?
In the Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma case, what rights were confirmed for daughters?
In the Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma case, what rights were confirmed for daughters?
What punishment can be imposed on men practicing instant talaq under the 2019 Act?
What punishment can be imposed on men practicing instant talaq under the 2019 Act?
Which case emphasized the need for specific laws regarding sexual harassment in the workplace?
Which case emphasized the need for specific laws regarding sexual harassment in the workplace?
What is a major focus of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 besides criminalizing instant talaq?
What is a major focus of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 besides criminalizing instant talaq?
What primary right is reinforced for adult women in the Lata Singh case?
What primary right is reinforced for adult women in the Lata Singh case?
What is the fine for a first-time DUI offense?
What is the fine for a first-time DUI offense?
What is the penalty for rash and negligent driving for a subsequent offense?
What is the penalty for rash and negligent driving for a subsequent offense?
In the case of juvenile driving, who is subject to the fine and imprisonment?
In the case of juvenile driving, who is subject to the fine and imprisonment?
What action can police take if a driver refuses a breathalyzer test?
What action can police take if a driver refuses a breathalyzer test?
What is the maximum fine for using a mobile phone while driving?
What is the maximum fine for using a mobile phone while driving?
What is the maximum fine for over-speeding for heavy vehicles?
What is the maximum fine for over-speeding for heavy vehicles?
What authority do police have under the Motor Vehicles Act regarding vehicle inspection?
What authority do police have under the Motor Vehicles Act regarding vehicle inspection?
What is the penalty for driving without insurance on a subsequent offense?
What is the penalty for driving without insurance on a subsequent offense?
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Study Notes
Right to Equality
- Ensures equal treatment under the law.
- Prevents discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or caste.
Right to Freedom
- Guarantees six freedoms: speech and expression, assembly, forming associations, movement, and choosing a profession.
- Freedom of speech and expression is subject to restrictions due to national security, public order, and morality.
- All freedoms can be restricted to protect public order, national security, or other rights.
Right to Life and Personal Liberty
- Right to life and personal liberty protected under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
- Includes communication with family, right to legal aid, and protection against torture.
- The judiciary has interpreted and expanded this right to cover environmental rights, privacy, and the right to a dignified life.
Parliamentary Form of Government
- Parliament is made up of two houses: The Lok Sabha (lower house) and the Rajya Sabha (upper house).
- Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people.
- Rajya Sabha members are elected by State Legislative Assemblies.
The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019
- Criminalizes instant triple talaq, a practice that allows a Muslim man to divorce his wife by saying “talaq” three times.
- Provides women with maintenance and custody of children in such cases.
Landmark Judicial Decisions Shaping Women's Rights
- Vishakha v. State of Rajasthan (1997): Issued guidelines to protect women from sexual harassment in the workplace, leading to the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013.
- Lata Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2006): Ruled that an adult woman has the right to marry anyone she chooses, regardless of caste or religion.
- Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma (2020): Affirmed daughters' equal inheritance rights in Hindu families.
- Joseph Shine v. Union of India (2018): Decriminalized adultery by striking down Section 497 of the Indian Penal Code.
- Triple Talaq (Shayara Bano v. Union of India, 2017): Declared triple talaq unconstitutional, recognizing women’s right to equality.
Challenges in Implementing Women-Centric Laws
- Deep-rooted patriarchal norms.
- Misuse of laws.
- Judicial delays.
- Lack of awareness about legal rights
Motor Vehicles Act Fines
- Driving Under the Influence (DUI):
- First Offense:
- Fine: ₹10,000 and/or 6 months imprisonment.
- Subsequent Offense:
- Fine: ₹15,000 and/or 2 years imprisonment.
- First Offense:
- Over-Speeding:
- Light Motor Vehicles (LMVs):
- Fine: ₹1,000 - ₹2,000.
- Heavy Vehicles:
- Fine: ₹2,000 - ₹4,000 and/or imprisonment up to 3 months.
- Light Motor Vehicles (LMVs):
- Rash and Negligent Driving:
- Fine: ₹5,000 and/or 6 months imprisonment.
- Subsequent Offense:
- ₹10,000 and/or 1-year imprisonment.
- Using a Mobile Phone While Driving:
- Fine: ₹1,000 - ₹5,000.
- Driving Without Insurance:
- First-time Offense:
- Fine: ₹2,000 and/or up to 3 months imprisonment.
- Subsequent Offense:
- Fine: ₹4,000 and/or up to 3 months imprisonment.
- First-time Offense:
- Juvenile Driving:
- Fine: ₹25,000 and/or imprisonment up to 3 years for the vehicle owner/guardian.
- Vehicle Registration Cancelled for 1 year.
- Hit-and-Run Cases:
- Compensation: ₹2 lakh for death, ₹50,000 for injuries.
Powers of Police/Traffic Police Under the Motor Vehicles Act
- Issuing fines for traffic violations.
- Inspecting vehicles to ensure they comply with regulations.
- Seizing vehicles.
- Suspending driver's licenses.
- Making arrests without a warrant for certain offenses.
- Conducting breathalyzer tests.
- Enforcing traffic rules using technology like speed cameras.
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