Podcast
Questions and Answers
On a graph, the ______ variable is plotted on the X-axis and the ______ variable is plotted on the Y-axis.
On a graph, the ______ variable is plotted on the X-axis and the ______ variable is plotted on the Y-axis.
independent, dependent
GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) measures the electrical conductivity of the skin, which is related to the activity of the ______ nervous system and is affected by ______ stimuli.
GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) measures the electrical conductivity of the skin, which is related to the activity of the ______ nervous system and is affected by ______ stimuli.
autonomic, stressful
A decrease in skin temperature often indicates increased activity in the ______ nervous system, as blood vessels ______ in response to stress.
A decrease in skin temperature often indicates increased activity in the ______ nervous system, as blood vessels ______ in response to stress.
sympathetic, constrict
Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system generally results in an increase in ______ rate and a decrease in pulse ______.
Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system generally results in an increase in ______ rate and a decrease in pulse ______.
Of the five types of white blood cells, ______ are the most abundant, while ______ are the least abundant.
Of the five types of white blood cells, ______ are the most abundant, while ______ are the least abundant.
A hematocrit reading represents the percentage of total blood volume that is made up of ______ blood cells and differs between males and females due to differences in ______ levels.
A hematocrit reading represents the percentage of total blood volume that is made up of ______ blood cells and differs between males and females due to differences in ______ levels.
The calculation for Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) involves dividing the ______ by the RBC count, providing information about the average size of red blood cells.
The calculation for Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) involves dividing the ______ by the RBC count, providing information about the average size of red blood cells.
The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the ______, giving an indication of the average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells.
The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is calculated by dividing the hemoglobin concentration by the ______, giving an indication of the average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells.
In blood typing, the presence of agglutination when blood is mixed with anti-A sera indicates the presence of ______ antigens on the red blood cells. The same is true for anti-B sera and B antigens.
In blood typing, the presence of agglutination when blood is mixed with anti-A sera indicates the presence of ______ antigens on the red blood cells. The same is true for anti-B sera and B antigens.
[Blank] refers to the clumping of red blood cells due to an antibody-antigen reaction and is significant because it can cause life-threatening complications during blood transfusions.
[Blank] refers to the clumping of red blood cells due to an antibody-antigen reaction and is significant because it can cause life-threatening complications during blood transfusions.
Flashcards
Independent variable
Independent variable
The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable.
Dependent variable
Dependent variable
The variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
GSR measures skin's electrical conductivity, in microSiemens. It reflects activity of the autonomic nervous system, increasing with stress.
Skin temperature
Skin temperature
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Pulse rate and amplitude
Pulse rate and amplitude
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White blood cell abundance
White blood cell abundance
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Hematocrit
Hematocrit
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Agglutination
Agglutination
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Study Notes
- Independent variables are those that are manipulated or changed in an experiment
- Dependent variables are those that are measured to see how they are affected by changes in the independent variable
- X-axis represents the independent variable.
- Y-axis represents the dependent variable.
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
- GSR measures the electrical conductivity of the skin
- Units are typically microSiemens (µS).
- GSR is related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the sympathetic branch.
- Stressful stimuli increase GSR due to increased sweat production.
- When a stressful stimulus is removed, the GSR decreases, and sweat production reduces as sympathetic activity decreases.
Skin Temperature
- Skin temperature indicates peripheral blood flow and metabolic activity.
- Skin temperature is related to the autonomic nervous system, mainly sympathetic control of blood vessel diameter.
- Stressful stimuli typically decrease skin temperature due to vasoconstriction caused by sympathetic activation.
Pulse Rate and Amplitude
- Sympathetic nervous system activation increases pulse rate and decreases pulse amplitude due to vasoconstriction.
- Parasympathetic nervous system activation decreases pulse rate and increases pulse amplitude due to vasodilation.
White Blood Cells
- Five types of white blood cells can be identified under a microscope
- Neutrophil
- Lymphocyte
- Monocyte
- Eosinophil
- Basophil
- Relative abundance from most to least: Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas).
Hematocrit
- Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.
- It is determined by measuring the height of the red blood cell column relative to the total blood column after centrifugation.
- Hematocrit is used to assess red blood cell volume and can indicate anemia or polycythemia.
- Hematocrit is typically higher in males than in females due to hormonal differences (testosterone stimulates RBC production).
Blood Cell Calculations
- RBC count equation and units
- WBC count equation and units
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) equation and units
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) equation and units
- Know normal values for each from the lab manual.
Blood Typing
- Blood type for the ABO and Rh systems is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells
- Antibodies circulate in the plasma, and anti-sera is used for probing blood/tissue types, which react with specific antigens.
- The ABO system involves A and B antigens
- The Rh system involves the Rh (D) antigen.
Agglutination
- Agglutination is the clumping of red blood cells, typically due to the reaction between antibodies and antigens on the cell surface.
- Agglutination is significant in blood typing because it indicates the presence of a specific antigen-antibody reaction, determining the blood type.
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