30 Questions
What is the term used to describe the mutual solubility of components in liquid-liquid systems?
Miscibility
What does Henry's law state?
The concentration of dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.
In completely miscible liquids, what is the relationship between adhesive and cohesive forces?
Adhesive forces > cohesive forces
How does an increase in partial pressure affect the solubility of a slightly soluble gas in a solvent?
Increases solubility
Which pair represents an example of completely miscible liquids?
Water + Alcohol
What happens if the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid is decreased?
Decreases solubility
What happens in partially miscible liquids systems?
They separate into two layers, each containing some of the other liquid
Which term describes the occurrence when cohesive forces between like molecules are greater than adhesive forces between different molecules?
Partial Miscibility
Which factor determines the solubility coefficient in Henry's law?
Partial pressure of the gas above the solution
How does chemical reaction affect the solubility of gases in liquids?
Has no effect on solubility
What characterizes completely immiscible liquids?
They do not mix at any proportion, forming two separate layers
What is the role of electrolytes in affecting solubility?
Increase solubility
What causes salting out in solutions?
Attraction of salt ions for water molecules
Which gases deviate from Henry's law due to their chemical reaction with water?
Hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide
What does carbon dioxide react with water to form?
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Which type of solubility usually causes problems for pharmacists during drug formulation?
Immiscible liquids
How does the solubility of gases like hydrogen chloride differ from gases like oxygen?
Chemical reaction with water
What contributes to the overall solubility of carbon dioxide in water?
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-)
What is the definition of solubility of gas in liquid?
It is the maximum amount of gas that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature and pressure.
What happens when the concentration of dissolved gas in a liquid reaches a certain level?
The system is said to be in equilibrium.
Which of the following examples illustrates solubility of gas in liquid?
Dissolving carbon dioxide in water
At what point is a system considered to be in equilibrium for solubility of gas in liquid?
When the rate of gas molecules leaving the liquid equals the rate entering it.
How is solubility of gas in liquid affected by temperature and pressure?
Both temperature and pressure increase solubility.
Which type of gas serves as a propellant in aerosol products and dissolves under pressure?
Carbon dioxide
What happens to the solubility of a gas in a liquid when the temperature increases?
Decreases
How can the partial pressure of gas above a solution be increased in a closed container?
Injecting more gas into the container
What is the effect of adding electrolytes to a solution on the solubility of gas in water?
Decreases
Why should a pharmacist be cautious when opening containers of gaseous solutions in warm climates?
To prevent the liberation of dissolved gas that may cause bursting
What causes bubbles to form when a carbonated beverage is opened?
Decrease in pressure
In salting out, what is responsible for decreasing the solubility of gas in water?
Electrolytes
Learn how to increase the partial pressure of gas above a solution in a closed container by injecting more gas or compressing the existing gas. Explore the process involved in raising the pressure to enhance the solubility of gas in the solution.
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