Increasing Agricultural Productivity Quiz

Study Notes

Transportation Facilities: Villages should be linked with mandies to aid farmers in obtaining new farming inputs and selling their products in markets. This will help increase their income, motivating them to adopt better farming technologies. This, in turn, allows cultivators to invest more in land improvement.
Cooperative Farming: The movement of cooperative farming should be launched to check the sub-division and fragmentation of holdings. Cooperative farming will result in the adoption of modern technology on so-called "big farms." This will make agriculture a profitable occupation through economies of large-scale farming.

Agricultural production has increased greatly over the last few decades. In most continents, food production has been able to surpass population growth.
The spread of the modern agricultural revolution (involving large-scale mechanization, biological selection, the use of chemicals, specialization) in developed countries has contributed to the increase in production.
A modern agricultural revolution in some developing countries which is not dependent on heavy motorized mechanization, but instead involves the use of chemicals and the selection of varieties.
The expansion of irrigated surfaces from about 80 million ha in 1950 to about 270 million ha in 2000.
The expansion of arable land and land under permanent crops.
The development of mixed farming systems using high levels of available biomass (combining crop, arboriculture, livestock, and sometimes fish farming) in the most densely populated areas that lack new land for clearing or irrigation.

The distribution channels are the systems by which goods produced in factories and/or commodities in agriculture reach customers. There are four basic types of marketing channels: direct selling, selling through intermediaries, dual distribution, and reverse channels.
Dairy industry by-products not utilized for food production (cheese, whey, casein, butter-milk) should also be added to this group.
Animal and poultry manure, currently used as a safe feed ingredient, can be included in this group.

Milling Industry By-Products: Bran, waste flour, waste resulting from grain cleaning processes, wheat, corn, and dry germs, hulls of some seeds (e.g. pea, barley, buckwheat).
Oil Industry By-Products: Solvent-extracted cake from soybean and oil-yielding rape, sunflower, flax, and products formed during refining of plant oils, lecithin, and fatty acids.
Sugar Industry By-Products: Beet pulp, molasses, defaco-saturation residue.