Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

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Which of the following is NOT a key factor in the treatment goals for increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Ensuring adequate cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery

Maintaining ICP below 20 mmHg

Maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) above 70 mmHg

Maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 90 mmHg (correct)

Which of the following is a consequence of altered cerebral hemodynamics and blood-brain barrier dysfunction?

Decreased cerebral edema

Increased hydrocephalus (correct)

Decreased cerebral blood flow

Decreased intracranial pressure

The concept of cerebral autoregulation refers to the ability of the brain to:

Regulate the passage of molecules across the blood-brain barrier

Maintain a constant cerebral blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure (correct)

Increase blood flow to areas of increased neuronal activity

Maintain a constant blood pressure

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the blood-brain barrier?

It actively transports nutrients and metabolites across the barrier (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cerebral edema can lead to increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Displacement of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid within the cranial cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) relate to the regulation of cerebral blood flow?

Maintaining an appropriate CPP is crucial for ensuring adequate cerebral blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when managing increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Maintain a cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) greater than 70 mmHg (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind the autoregulation failure seen in increased ICP?

Systemic arterial vasoconstriction leading to decreased blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which increased ICP leads to a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure?

Increased resistance to venous outflow, increasing blood volume (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key pathophysiological change that occurs in the later stages of increased ICP?

Cerebral hypoxia and hypercapnia leading to acidosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the blood-brain barrier in the context of increased ICP?

The blood-brain barrier is disrupted, leading to the formation of cerebral edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cerebral edema contributes to increased ICP?

Compression of cerebral veins, reducing venous outflow (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key mechanism that protects the brain from fluctuations in systemic blood pressure?

Autoregulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Selectively restricting the passage of substances from the blood to the brain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of increased intracranial pressure?

Development of cerebral edema (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in determining cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)?

CPP = MAP - ICP (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to a disruption of the blood-brain barrier?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which cerebral autoregulation maintains constant blood flow to the brain?

Altering the diameter of cerebral arterioles (C) Signup and view all the answers