Incident Response Process Overview
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Incident Response Process Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is a critical necessity for incident detection during the response process?

  • A complex software system
  • Complete automation of reporting
  • User suspicion of unauthorized activity (correct)
  • Highly specialized hardware

    • Which document is essential for ensuring that all known details of an incident are recorded?

  • Initial response checklist (correct)
  • Incident report form
  • Incident response manual
  • Training documentation

    • What is the role of the CSIRT after completing the initial response checklist?

  • To initiate forensic analysis independently
  • To notify the public about the incident
  • To activate further incident response phases (correct)
  • To implement hardware updates

    • Which area is not a factor to consider in preparing a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)?

    <p>Development of personal relationships with vendors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the detection phase in the incident response process?

    <p>Expertise control is often limited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be considered an unlawful action involving a computer system?

    <p>Unauthorized access into a computing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of incident response?

    <p>To minimize disruption to business operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically involved in the incident response process?

    <p>Marketing specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of failing to properly handle an incident?

    <p>Increased exposure of proprietary data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)?

    <p>To respond to and manage security incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions can lead to civil or criminal proceedings?

    <p>Making unauthorized changes to software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential impact of an incident on an organization?

    <p>Damage to reputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the accumulation of accurate information during an incident response?

    <p>Consolidating evidence to determine the facts of the incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of forensic duplication in data collection?

    <p>To create a copy that shows no alterations to the original data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does host-based information NOT include?

    <p>Firewall logs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge associated with data collection?

    <p>Protecting the integrity of collected data is essential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used for collecting evidence if data has been deleted?

    <p>Forensic duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does network-based information encompass?

    <p>Router and firewall logs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT considered a source of other information in investigations?

    <p>Wiretap records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does live data collection NOT record?

    <p>Forensic duplication processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which log would NOT typically be classified as network-based information?

    <p>Live system application logs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the initial response phase in incident management?

    <p>To assemble relevant teams and gather information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT part of the initial response process?

    <p>Interviewing affected users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key components assessed during the initial response phase?

    <p>Verification of whether an incident has occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors should be considered when formulating a response strategy?

    <p>The political and legal implications of the incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is paramount to determine during the initial response phase?

    <p>The criticality of the affected systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be necessary to initiate during the initial response phase?

    <p>Network monitoring to confirm an ongoing incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decision is NOT typically considered when formulating a response strategy?

    <p>If the incident worsens the company's brand image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the initial response phase is correct?

    <p>It prevents panic by providing a methodical approach to incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the principles of handling a cyber crime scene?

    <p>All actions taken must not change data held on devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following items is essential to bring to a cyber crime scene?

    <p>Tools such as screwdrivers and a camera.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence does digital alibi refer to?

    <p>Data generated when a person uses a computer or network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first when investigating an alibi?

    <p>Assess the reliability of information on the involved computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is critical in investigative reconstruction of digital evidence?

    <p>Combining various forms of data to uncover patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Principle 3 state regarding computer-based electronic evidence?

    <p>An audit trail of all processes must be created and preserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a part of investigative reconstruction?

    <p>Functional analysis of possible actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration before gathering evidence at a cyber crime scene?

    <p>Obtaining written authorization to ensure legal compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of logs can support an alibi during an investigation?

    <p>Time-stamped records from various digital activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an independent third party in a cyber crime investigation?

    <p>They should be able to replicate the investigative processes and results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to preserve a cyber crime scene?

    <p>To prevent loss of evidence and maintain its integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of temporal analysis in investigative reconstruction?

    <p>Identifying sequences and patterns over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about alibi verification?

    <p>Reliance on a single piece of digital evidence is effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the case officer play in a cyber investigation?

    <p>Has overall responsibility for adherence to legal and procedural standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Incident Response Process

    • Data Collection involves several forensic challenges, including:
      • Collecting electronic data in a forensically sound manner
      • The vast amount of data often collected
      • Handling data appropriately to protect its integrity

    Data Collection Types

    • Data collected can be categorized into three areas:
      • Host-based information:
        • Live data collection: Records system date/time, running applications, network connections, open sockets, and network interface state.
        • Forensic duplication: Provides a "mirror image" of the system for analysis and due diligence in critical incidents.
      • Network-based information: Obtained from sources like IDS logs, consensual monitoring logs, wiretaps, pen-registers, router logs, firewall logs, and authentication servers.
      • Other information: Includes testimony and information gathered through traditional investigative techniques (nontechnical means).

    Incident Types

    • Examples of incidents that might require an incident response:
      • Theft of trade secrets
      • Email spam or harassment
      • Unauthorized intrusions into computer systems
      • Embezzlement
      • Possession or dissemination of child pornography
      • Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks
      • Tortious interference of business relations
      • Extortion

    Incident Response Goals

    • Aims to prevent disorganized responses, which can have catastrophic consequences
    • Confirms or refutes the occurrence of an incident
    • Accurately gathers and manages evidence
    • Protects privacy rights
    • Minimizes disruption to business and network operations
    • Enables legal action (criminal or civil) against perpetrators
    • Provides accurate reports and recommendations
    • Enhances rapid detection and containment
    • Minimizes data exposure and compromise
    • Protects the organization's reputation and assets
    • Educates senior management
    • Promotes rapid detection and prevention of future incidents

    CSIRT (Computer Security Incident Response Team)

    • Incident response is a multifaceted process requiring various resources from different operational units.
    • A multi-disciplinary team, known as the CSIRT, is commonly established to handle incidents effectively.
    • CSIRT members may include human resources personnel, legal counsel, technical experts, security professionals, corporate security officers, business managers, end users, helpdesk workers, and other employees.

    Pre-Incident Preparation

    • CSIRT preparation involves considering:
      • Hardware needed for incident investigation
      • Software needed for incident investigation
      • Documentation (forms, reports) for investigation
      • Policies/procedures for response strategies
      • Training for staff to perform incident response, promoting forensics, investigations, and remediation.

    Detection of Incident

    • A critical aspect of incident response
    • Often decentralized, with limited control by incident response experts
    • Identified when unauthorized, unacceptable, or unlawful events are suspected.
    • Methods of detection include:
      • End-user reports (through supervisors, help desks, incident hotlines)
      • System administrator detection
      • IDS alerts
      • Other discoveries

    Initial Response

    • Aims to gather enough information to determine the appropriate response.
    • Includes:
      • Assembling CSIRT
      • Collecting network-based and other data
      • Determining the incident type
      • Assessing the impact
    • Provides necessary information for the next phase: Formulating a response strategy.
    • This phase helps document steps for a methodical approach during stressful situations.
    • This phase does not involve touching affected systems. Instead, focus is on:
      • Interviewing system administrators
      • Interviewing business unit personnel
      • Reviewing intrusion detection reports and network-based logs
      • Reviewing network topology and access control lists

    Initial Response - Verification

    • CSIRT must verify at least:

      • The occurrence of the incident
      • Affected systems (direct/indirect)
      • Involved users
      • Potential business impact

    • Network monitoring may be initiated at this stage for incident confirmation.

    Formulate Response Strategy

    • Focuses on developing the most suitable response strategy based on incident circumstances.
    • Considers political, technical, legal, and business factors surrounding the incident.
    • Factors to consider include:
      • Criticality of affected systems
      • Sensitivity of compromised or stolen information
      • Potential perpetrators
      • Public awareness of the incident
      • Security policy/procedure updates for response process enhancement.

    Handling a Cyber Crime Scene

    • Computers, mobile devices, and networks are considered extensions of a crime scene, even when not directly involved in the crime.
    • These scenes contain various pieces of evidence, requiring forensic principles for surveying, preserving, and documenting the entire scene.
    • Published guidelines for handling cyber crime scenes include:
      • Electronic Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for First Responders (Department of Justice, USA, 2001)
      • Best Practices for Seizing Electronic Evidence: A Pocket Guide for First Responders (Secret Service, USA, 2006)
      • The Good Practice Guide for Computer Based Evidence (Association of Chief Police Officers, UK, 2009)

    Handling a Cyber Crime Scene - Principles

    • Four principles govern handling cyber crime scenes:
      • Principle 1: Law enforcement actions should not alter computer or media data that may be used in court.
      • Principle 2: Access to original data should be restricted to competent individuals who can testify about the relevance and implications of their actions.
      • Principle 3: An audit trail of all processes applied to evidence should be created and preserved for independent verification.
      • Principle 4: The case officer has overall responsibility for ensuring adherence to the law and principles.

    Handling a Cyber Crime Scene - Considerations

    • Obtain written authorization before gathering evidence to avoid legal issues.
    • Digital investigators are authorized to collect and examine only directly pertinent evidence.
    • Gather information about the crime scene beforehand.
    • Bring necessary tools (screwdrivers, pliers, camera, hardware duplicators, boot CDs, data cables, crossover cables, mobile device forensic kits).
    • Request passwords and encryption keys from those with access to relevant systems.
    • Preserve the crime scene:
      • Control entry points
      • Freeze the networked scene

    Investigative Reconstruction with Digital Evidence

    • In complex cases, unanswered questions might remain despite thorough investigations.
    • Investigative reconstruction helps reconstruct events through a systematic process of piecing together evidence and information.
    • Cyber crime scene evidence often contains behavioral imprints, such as:
      • Offender's choice of words online, which can point to their identity
      • Offender's online tool usage, which can be significant
      • Offender's methods of concealing identity and criminal activities

    Investigative Reconstruction with Digital Evidence - Key Areas

    • Key areas for reconstruction include:
      • Rough forensic analysis
      • Victimology
      • Crime scene characteristics

    Benefits of Investigative Reconstruction

    • Can lead to:
      • Discovering new leads and hidden evidence
      • Developing a comprehensive understanding of the events
      • Focusing the investigation
      • Identifying suspects with motive, means, and opportunity
      • Prioritizing suspect investigations
      • Establishing evidence of insider or intruder knowledge
      • Anticipating intruder actions and assessing escalation potential
      • Linking related crimes with similar behavioral patterns
      • Enhancing court presentations

    Investigative Reconstruction - Forms

    • Three main forms of reconstruction:
      • Temporal reconstruction: Helps understand the sequence and timing of events.
      • Relational reconstruction: Examines components, positions, and interactions within the crime.
      • Functional reconstruction: Determines what was possible and impossible during the event.

    Digital Evidence as Alibi

    • An alibi is determined by time and/or location.
    • Digital evidence can support or refute an alibi:
      • Computer activity, telephone calls, credit card purchases, train tickets, toll payments, ATM transactions, and emails
      • Log files and headers record timestamps and originating IP addresses.

    Digital Evidence and Alibi - Manipulation

    • Time and IP addresses can be manipulated to create false alibis.
    • Investigators should not rely on a single piece of evidence but examine the cybertrail for inconsistencies.

    Digital Evidence and Alibi - Reliability Assessment

    • Assessing reliability involves:
      • Investigating the computers and network involved
      • Checking for clock synchronization and logs of time changes
      • Examining IP address control and monitoring procedures

    Digital Evidence and Alibi - Additional Steps

    • Difficulties in gathering complete evidence might require:
      • Extensive research (documentation, internet searches, manufacturer inquiries)
      • Recreating the events surrounding the alibi
      • Evaluating the absence of evidence, which can severely weaken an alibi.

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    Related Documents

    SEC524-L05-L07-Conducting Cyber Crime Investigations.pdf

    Description

    Explore the various aspects of the Incident Response Process, focusing on data collection challenges and types. The quiz covers host-based, network-based, and traditional information gathering methods essential for forensic investigations. Test your knowledge on how to collect and preserve electronic data effectively.

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