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Questions and Answers
What do potentially addictive drugs share in terms of their ability?
What do potentially addictive drugs share in terms of their ability?
Which brain systems are involved in the process of incentive motivation and reward?
Which brain systems are involved in the process of incentive motivation and reward?
What is the effect of addiction on brain reward systems?
What is the effect of addiction on brain reward systems?
What is an example of locomotor sensitization associated with addictive drugs?
What is an example of locomotor sensitization associated with addictive drugs?
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What happens to the brain's response to reward predicting cues in addiction?
What happens to the brain's response to reward predicting cues in addiction?
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What is the effect of repeated exposure to morphine on anticipatory response to sexual encounter/cues?
What is the effect of repeated exposure to morphine on anticipatory response to sexual encounter/cues?
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What component of reward do the sensitized brain systems NOT mediate?
What component of reward do the sensitized brain systems NOT mediate?
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What is the main view regarding the relationship between poor decision making and addiction?
What is the main view regarding the relationship between poor decision making and addiction?
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What happens to dopamine (DA) receptors and release with repeated exposure to drugs?
What happens to dopamine (DA) receptors and release with repeated exposure to drugs?
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What is the impact of repeated exposure to drugs on the strength of input/output of saliency and response inhibition?
What is the impact of repeated exposure to drugs on the strength of input/output of saliency and response inhibition?
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What is the effect of photoactivation of prelimbic cortex pyramidal neurons in shock resistant rats?
What is the effect of photoactivation of prelimbic cortex pyramidal neurons in shock resistant rats?
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What happens when yellow light is activated to inhibit prelimbic cortex pyramidal neurons in shock sensitive rats?
What happens when yellow light is activated to inhibit prelimbic cortex pyramidal neurons in shock sensitive rats?
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What is the role of mPFC neurons in animals trained to self-administer cocaine?
What is the role of mPFC neurons in animals trained to self-administer cocaine?
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What is the impact of reduced reward sensitivity and prefrontal cortex dysfunction according to Volkow?
What is the impact of reduced reward sensitivity and prefrontal cortex dysfunction according to Volkow?
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What is the effect of repeated exposure to drugs on the strength of input/output of saliency?
What is the effect of repeated exposure to drugs on the strength of input/output of saliency?
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What do the findings of Chen et al. (2013) suggest about PFC neurons in relation to cocaine seeking behavior?
What do the findings of Chen et al. (2013) suggest about PFC neurons in relation to cocaine seeking behavior?
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What is the role of dopamine (DA) in reward processing according to the text?
What is the role of dopamine (DA) in reward processing according to the text?
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What is the effect of chronic exposure to psychostimulants on dopamine (DA) release according to the text?
What is the effect of chronic exposure to psychostimulants on dopamine (DA) release according to the text?
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What is the consequence of repeated drug exposure according to the text?
What is the consequence of repeated drug exposure according to the text?
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What is the effect of cocaine sensitization according to the text?
What is the effect of cocaine sensitization according to the text?
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What is the impact of sensitization of incentive salience according to the text?
What is the impact of sensitization of incentive salience according to the text?
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What is the PET study with raclopride in humans mentioned in the text?
What is the PET study with raclopride in humans mentioned in the text?
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What is the response of cocaine-dependent subjects after a drug challenge according to the text?
What is the response of cocaine-dependent subjects after a drug challenge according to the text?
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What is the role of dopamine (DA) according to the text?
What is the role of dopamine (DA) according to the text?
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What is the function of the amygdala-striatum pathway?
What is the function of the amygdala-striatum pathway?
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What does damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) result in?
What does damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) result in?
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What is the Iowa Gambling Test used for?
What is the Iowa Gambling Test used for?
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What is the role of the impulsive system according to Bechara's model?
What is the role of the impulsive system according to Bechara's model?
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Match the following brain regions/neurons with their role in drug addiction:
Match the following brain regions/neurons with their role in drug addiction:
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Match the following experimental manipulations with their effect on drug-seeking behavior in rats:
Match the following experimental manipulations with their effect on drug-seeking behavior in rats:
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Match the following terms with their associated concepts:
Match the following terms with their associated concepts:
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Match the following effects with their related changes in the brain due to repeated drug exposure:
Match the following effects with their related changes in the brain due to repeated drug exposure:
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Match the following findings with their associated studies:
Match the following findings with their associated studies:
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Study Notes
Incentive Salience and Dopamine's Role in Reward Processing
- The incentive-salience hypothesis states that rewards have both affective (liking) and motivational (wanting) consequences.
- Dopamine (DA) activation or suppression does not affect "liking" responses in animals and humans, but mediates "wanting".
- DA long-term manipulation using a diet APTD (acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depleted) resulted in lower baseline DA and lower wanting, but no difference in liking.
- Repeated drug exposure induces hypersensitivity to drug-associated stimuli, increasing their salience and attractiveness, leading to pathological motivation to take drugs.
- Sensitization of incentive salience causes a bias in attention towards drug-associated cues and a pathological motivation for drug-taking, modulated by DA.
- Cocaine sensitization increases the conditioned reinforcing effects of a cocaine-associated stimulus in animals.
- PET studies with raclopride in humans showed that repeated drug experience sensitizes the DA system, leading to greater DA release in response to drug-associated cues.
- Chronic exposure to psychostimulants results in increased DA release in the striatum even a year after the last drug treatment, without an increase in liking and desire.
- Addicts exhibit attentional bias towards drug-related stimuli, as demonstrated by shorter latency for drug-related cues in heavy users of alcohol and cannabis.
- Cocaine-dependent subjects show stronger craving but lower high compared to controls after a drug challenge, indicating increased incentive salience but not increased liking.
- The cues associated with drug effects give high incentive salience through the incentive sensitization procedure, but the drug is not liked more.
- The findings highlight the role of dopamine in mediating "wanting" and sensitizing incentive salience, leading to pathological motivation for drug-taking.
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Description
Test your knowledge of incentive salience and the role of dopamine in reward processing with this quiz. Explore the impact of dopamine on "wanting" and "liking" responses, as well as the sensitization of incentive salience in relation to drug addiction.