Inca Civilization Study Guide Chapter 12

Questions and Answers

What type of clothing did the Inca people wear?

They wore beautiful clothing; some was made from cotton, and some was yarn made from animal skins.

How did the Incas win the loyalty of the people they conquered?

They gave them gifts of clothes and food.

How did the Incas get their name?

From their ruler: the Inca.

Describe the Aztec people.

They lived in what is now Northern Mexico, called themselves Mexica, had a calendar and a number system, worshiped many gods, and gave sacrifices. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Aztec bring large amounts of food, precious stones, and metal into their capital city?

Tribute. Signup and view all the answers

What problems did the Aztec face in their island location?

The island was separated from the mainland, had no farmland, no bricks or stone, and faced flooding. Signup and view all the answers

Why was survival for the native people near the Arctic Circle difficult?

It was very cold, they couldn't make good clothing, and didn't have much food. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mesa?

A mesa is a flat-topped hill with steep sloping sides. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the forest an important resource for the people of the Eastern Woodlands?

They could get lumber, food, make canoes, and tools. Signup and view all the answers

What type of work did most Incas perform?

They built roads and buildings. Signup and view all the answers

What are causeways?

Land bridges. Signup and view all the answers

What is tundra?

A flat and treeless plain with frozen ground. Signup and view all the answers

What is terrain?

Physical features of the land. Signup and view all the answers

What is mitima?

The Incan practice of sending conquered people to live in different places, away from their homelands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a palisade?

A tall wooden fence surrounding a village. Signup and view all the answers

What are chinampas?

Human-made islands. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Incas keep their empire strong?

They built roads to improve communication, military movement, and trade. Signup and view all the answers

Which Native American religion had people who lived mostly by fishing?

The Arctic. Signup and view all the answers

Which Native Americans built houses of stone and adobe?

The Inca. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how both the Aztec and Incas adapted and changed their environment.

The Aztec built causeways to connect their island to the mainland; the Incas built an empire with significant structures. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inca Civilization

Inca clothing was made from cotton and animal skins, showcasing their craftsmanship.
Loyalty was earned from conquered peoples through gifts of clothing and food.
The term "Inca" originated from their ruler.
The Inca civilization was known for its extensive road systems, improving communication and military movement across the empire.
The practice of "mitima" involved relocating conquered peoples to maintain control over diverse regions.

Aztec Civilization

The Aztecs, self-identified as Mexica, thrived in Northern Mexico, symbolized by an eagle holding a snake, representative of Mexico's flag.
Their society featured a hierarchal structure: emperor, nobles, farmers, merchants, and slaves, with the emperor holding both military and religious authority.
Tribute was essential for the Aztecs, bringing food, precious stones, and metal to their capital.
Challenges faced by the Aztecs included isolation on an island, lack of farmland, absence of construction materials, and flooding.

Environmental Adaptations

People near the Arctic Circle struggled with extreme cold, inadequate clothing materials, and limited food resources.
"Mesa" refers to a flat-topped hill with steep sides, a notable geographical feature.
Forests in the Eastern Woodlands were crucial for lumber, food, canoes, and tools.
"Chinampas" were human-made islands utilized by the Aztecs to enhance agriculture.

Architectural Features

"Palisade" denotes a tall wooden fence that surrounded villages, serving as a defensive structure.
The Inca built extensive roads and sophisticated buildings out of stone and adobe, highlighting their architectural skills.

Terrain and Geography

"Tundra" describes a flat and treeless plain characterized by frozen ground, common in Arctic regions.
"Terrain" refers to the physical features of the land, shaping human settlement and activity.

Summary of Adaptations

The Aztecs constructed causeways to connect their island to the mainland and built dikes to manage water.
The Incas expanded their empire by building infrastructure and urban centers, showcasing their engineering expertise and strategic planning.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of the Inca civilization with this study guide. It covers their clothing, ways of winning loyalty, and the origin of their name, providing insightful details that enrich your understanding of this ancient culture.