28 Questions
What should be given the most weight when making decisions about new dental products?
Clinical evidence
What does the vertical location of each layer in the evidence pyramid indicate?
The relative weight that should be applied to that type of research
What does the width of each layer in the evidence pyramid indicate?
The relative amount of that type of evidence available in the scientific literature
Despite its drawbacks, what role does in vitro research play in the development of dental products?
It plays an important role early in the process of developing a dental product
Which type of evidence is considered the most reliable for determining the clinical performance of dental products?
Clinical evidence
What are the two main purposes of in vitro testing according to the passage?
To assess the safety and efficacy of a product
What type of in vitro test was found to predict marginal fracture or 'ditching' in dental amalgam fillings?
Tests of creep resistance
What characteristic of the microstructure was associated with more ditching-resistant amalgams according to the passage?
Lack of a phase
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a measure of a product's efficacy?
Chemical durability
According to the passage, what is necessary before conducting clinical studies?
Ensuring the safety and efficacy of the product through in vitro testing
What is the purpose of incubating cells with the materials in cell culture wells?
To determine semiquantitative results
Why is it important to use dentin as a barrier in the Dentin Barrier Test?
To alter the effects of released components from the material
Why might composites appear more cytotoxic in vitro than they would be clinically?
Due to altered effects of released components without a barrier
What is the likely reason for a rash developing on hands when handling methacrylate denture base and monomer?
Hypersensitivity to monomer
How long should cells be incubated with the materials?
24 hours or more
What should be observed under phase-contrast microscopy after incubating cells with the materials?
Cytopathic effects around each disk
What is the primary factor contributing to the clinical failure of composite restorations?
It is a complex, multifactorial process that cannot be predicted from any in vitro test.
What role do in vitro tests play in the early development stages of new dental materials?
They are the only tools available for screening and making educated guesses about material performance.
What is the trade-off between clinical relevance and precision in testing methods for dental materials?
Testing methods with high precision tend to have low clinical relevance, and vice versa.
In the case of dentin bond-strength evaluation, which testing method is described as having more clinical relevance?
Testing an actual dental crown removed from a real tooth.
What factors contribute to the variability in testing actual dental crowns removed from real teeth?
Both the overall shape of the teeth and their degree of mineralization.
Based on the information provided, which statement is true regarding the evaluation of dental materials?
There is a trade-off between clinical relevance and precision in testing methods for dental materials.
What is the purpose of the MTT assay?
To determine cell viability and metabolic activity.
What is the principle behind the MTT assay?
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase cleaves MTT to produce a purple formazan product in viable cells.
What is the purpose of the Ames test?
To evaluate the carcinogenic potential of substances.
What is the difference between genotoxicity and mutagenicity?
Genotoxicity refers to any adverse effect on the DNA, while mutagenicity is the transfer of this effect to subsequent generations of cells.
Which statement is true about the Ames test?
It is extensively described in the literature and technically easier to conduct in a testing laboratory.
What is the significance of the ANSI/ADA specification No. 41, 1982 addendum?
It introduced the Ames test and the Styles' cell transformation test for evaluating mutagenesis of biomaterials.
Explore the importance of considering in vitro evidence with caution when making decisions about new dental products. Understand the limitations of in vitro data compared to real clinical situations and learn about evidence-based medicine concepts.
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