Impression Evidence and Collection Methods
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Impression Evidence and Collection Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Impression Section examiners?

  • Identifying handwriting in questioned documents
  • Comparing known shoes or tires to impressions from crime scenes (correct)
  • Comparing known substances to chemical evidence
  • Analyzing blood samples for DNA matching

    • Which type of impression can be analyzed as a three-dimensional impression?

  • Impressions on car windows
  • Impressions on cardboard
  • Impressions on glass surfaces
  • Impressions in soil or snow (correct)

    • What is NOT one of the purposes of examining impression evidence?

  • Identifying make, design, and size of footwear or tires
  • Determining if there are sufficient design features for comparison
  • Identifying the presence of fingerprints (correct)
  • Comparing questioned impressions to known objects

    • What must be considered when making a positive identification between the source and impression?

    <p>The individual characteristics and sufficient details of the impression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conclusion can an examiner potentially reach from analyzing impression evidence?

    <p>Various levels of association including identification, exclusion, or inconclusive results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is quick recovery of impression sources important?

    <p>To ensure continuous use does not alter the identifying characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of prints are categorized as two-dimensional impressions?

    <p>Impressions on solid surfaces like floors or car hoods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are evaluated to identify a specific tire or footwear item?

    <p>Physical size and wear/manufacturing characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to minimize ambient light when photographing impressions?

    <p>Drape a cloth over the tripod to create a tent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of taking photos with different aperture settings?

    <p>To ensure proper exposure through bracketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many feet of circumference should be documented for tire impressions?

    <p>At least six feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to enhance contrast in snow impressions?

    <p>Black fingerprint powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flash settings are recommended when photographing impressions?

    <p>Manual settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of camera is recommended for photographing three-dimensional impressions?

    <p>Digital SLR camera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred image format for capturing evidence photographs?

    <p>RAW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when using primer spray paint on snow impressions?

    <p>Spraying directly into the impression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure the scale is at the same depth as the impression?

    <p>To provide accurate comparison in scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to photograph impressions at a 1:1 ratio?

    <p>To maintain detail and resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common technique to ensure continuity when taking multiple photos of an impression?

    <p>Overlapping the photos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the examination quality photographs alongside the impression?

    <p>A measuring scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the camera be positioned when photographing the impression?

    <p>Directly overhead and parallel to the impression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended positioning of the measuring scale in relation to the impression?

    <p>Next to the impression without covering it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should impression evidence be prioritized for early consideration?

    <p>It is easily contaminated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle is recommended for holding the flash when photographing impressions?

    <p>Approximately 10°, 30°, and 45°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of scale is preferably used for impressions?

    <p>90° or L-shaped scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to practice before collecting evidence impressions?

    <p>Casting techniques on a test impression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with moist or damp impressions when collecting evidence?

    <p>They cannot be collected with the EDPL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media is preferred for submitting images of impressions?

    <p>CD or DVD in TIFF file format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should shoes and tires be packaged for evidence submission?

    <p>Shoes in paper bags, each tire separately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid using to package the dust lift on EDPL film?

    <p>Plastic containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT suitable for recovering powder developed impressions?

    <p>EDPL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Stat-LiftTM is important for its function?

    <p>It is statically charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after lifting an impression with tape?

    <p>Hold it over a light and dark surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is specifically mentioned as effective for lifting dust impressions?

    <p>Gel lifters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dental stone do when applied to visible residue impressions?

    <p>Absorbs the residue material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials can dental stone successfully recover impressions from?

    <p>Visible residue from mud or thick materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using wider fingerprint tape for lifting impressions?

    <p>It reduces the chance of overlapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Impression Evidence

    • Impression evidence can include shoe or tire impressions in a variety of mediums.
    • Three-dimensional impressions occur in materials like soil, snow, sand, and mud.
    • Two-dimensional impressions are found on solid surfaces, such as floors, counters, car hoods, and paper
    • Examination aims to determine if there are discernible characteristics for comparison
    • Examinations can identify make, design, physical size, wear/manufacturing characteristics, and randomly acquired features
    • Comparison of questioned impressions with a known object can determine if the object made the impression.
    • Possible conclusions include identification, exclusion, or various levels of association.

    Collection Guidelines

    • Three-Dimensional Impressions (e.g., in soil)

      • Method I - Photographic Documentation

        • Use a digital SLR camera with the ability to attach an off-camera flash.
        • Take photos in the camera's RAW format and convert to TIFF for laboratory submission.
        • Use the highest megapixel camera available to achieve 300PPI resolution at size (1:1).
        • Photograph impressions using a tripod and aligning the sensor plane directly over the impression.
        • Step 6: Include a scale alongside the impression containing identification information. Bury the ruler to approximately the same depth as the impression.
        • Step 7: Use low oblique lighting with the flash held approximately three feet from the impression. Photograph at 10°, 30°, and 45° angles to highlight the impression.
        • Step 8: Bracket the series of photos, photographing at various aperture settings, such as f8, f11, and f16.
        • Step 9: For tire impressions, ensure the entire circumference is documented with overlapping photos.
        • Step 10: Lightly sprinkle black fingerprint powder onto snow impressions for contrast. Use black or gray primer paint for highlight purposes.

      • Method II - EDPL Lifting

        • Not recommended for moist or damp impressions. Practice lifting techniques prior to evidence collection.

      • Method III - Lifts

        • Gel Lifters are latex with a bonded adhesive layer suitable for lifting and preserving dust impressions.
        • Stat-LiftTM is a statically charged film that’s commercially available for lifting dust impressions.
        • Wide fingerprint tape is a viable option for two-dimensional impressions. Dust impressions with fingerprint powder before lifting.

      • Method IV - Dental Stone Casting

        • Best for visible residue impressions. Dental stone absorbs residue material and cleans the surface.
        • Cast in the same manner prescribed for three-dimensional impressions.

    Submission Reminders

    • Prioritize evidence by searching for it at the approach, entry/exit ways, path through the scene, escape route, near other impressions, and on floors, walls, doors, and the roof. Protect impressions from contamination.
    • Practice new techniques on test impressions before working with evidence.
    • Use the correct method based on the type and condition of the impression.
    • Submit images on a CD or DVD in TIFF format.
    • Package shoes in paper bags and each tire separately.

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    Related Documents

    Virginia Department Of Forensic Science Impressions PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of impression evidence, including shoe and tire impressions in different materials. Learn about the characteristics examined during forensic analysis and the methods for collecting three-dimensional impressions. This quiz will test your understanding of the identification and comparison process in forensic science.

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