Important Questions for UP Class 12 Biology 2025

Natural selection is a process in which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than those that aren't. For example, peppered moths, whose color ranges from light to dark.

Innate traits are inherited from parents, like eye color, while acquired traits are developed during an organism's lifetime, like playing an instrument.

Polluted water harms human and environmental health by contaminating drinking water, damaging ecosystems, and posing risks to aquatic life.

<p>Producers are organisms like plants that make their own food through photosynthesis, while consumers are organisms like animals that get their energy by consuming other living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomagnification refers to the increase in the concentration of toxic substances as you move up through the food chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lac operon is a group of genes in bacteria that regulate the metabolism of lactose. It is involved in utilizing lactose as a source of energy when glucose is unavailable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproduction is the process by which living organisms create new individuals of their kind. It can be sexual, involving the fusion of gametes, or asexual, involving only one parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genetic code is a set of rules that determines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins. It's universal, non-overlapping, and degenerate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic drift is a random change in the allele frequencies of a population over generations, often observed in smaller populations. It can lead to the loss of genetic diversity or fixation of particular alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers