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Importance of Keratin to Human Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of keratins in epithelial cells?

Regulate cell division

Provide energy to the cells

Transport molecules between cells

Impart mechanical strength (correct)

Which accessory protein bundles keratin to give skin toughness?

Actinin

Keratonetein (correct)

Myosin

Laminin

What type of diseases can mutations in keratins predispose individuals to?

Respiratory diseases

Brain disorders

Autoimmune diseases

Dry skin diseases (correct)

In which disease do individuals experience skin blisters in response to slight mechanical stress?

Epidermolysis bullosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is characterized by the disorganization of the keratin filament cytoskeleton due to mechanical stress?

Epidermolysis bullosa (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurofilaments (NFs) in determining axonal diameter?

Incorporating subunits along the length of the axon (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder can be caused by mutations in the plectin protein?

Epidermolysis bullosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Plakins in the cytoskeleton?

Linking intermediate filaments (IFs) to actin and microtubules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the speed of transmission in neurons?

The level of neurofilament expression (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is mentioned in association with both epidermolysis bullosa and neurodegeneration?

Keratin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of Arp1 filaments, which are similar in size to actin filaments?

8-11 nm (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are intermediate filaments (IFs) prominent in the cytoplasm of cells subject to mechanical stress?

IFs provide structural support and tensile strength to withstand mechanical stress. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How are intermediate filaments (IFs) related to nuclear lamins?

Nuclear lamins are a type of intermediate filament found in the nucleus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of the conserved α-helical domain in all intermediate filaments (IFs) that allows them to form extended coiled-coil structures?

The α-helical domain allows IFs to form parallel dimers that associate into anti-parallel staggered tetramers. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature that makes keratins the most diverse of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins?

Keratins are the only IFs that have a heterodimeric filament subunit, with one acidic and one neutral/basic protein. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the anti-parallel staggered tetramers formed by intermediate filaments (IFs)?

The tetramers provide the tensile strength and ability to be stretched to 3 times their usual length. (C) Signup and view all the answers