Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the negative logarithmic value of hydrogen ion concentration typically measured as?
What is the negative logarithmic value of hydrogen ion concentration typically measured as?
- pH (correct)
- Acid power
- Alkaline concentration
- Hydrogen power
What is the resting value of extracellular pH?
What is the resting value of extracellular pH?
- 6.8
- 7.4 (correct)
- 5.6
- 8.2
In the context of acid-base balance, what process impact the water to auto-ionize into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions?
In the context of acid-base balance, what process impact the water to auto-ionize into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions?
- Deviations in extracellular pH
- Tight control of electrolyte composition
- Alterations in the relative concentrations of electrolytes and carbon dioxide (correct)
- Changes in the local concentration of O2
changes in the local concentration of strong ions, weak acids, and CO2 lead to ?
changes in the local concentration of strong ions, weak acids, and CO2 lead to ?
Which equation represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for acid-base balance?
Which equation represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for acid-base balance?
What is the structural formula of water?
What is the structural formula of water?
Why is water considered neutral?
Why is water considered neutral?
In the context of acid-base chemistry, what does Brønsted-Lowry define an acid as?
In the context of acid-base chemistry, what does Brønsted-Lowry define an acid as?
In the context of acid-base chemistry, what does Brønsted-Lowry define an base as?
In the context of acid-base chemistry, what does Brønsted-Lowry define an base as?
What is the consequence when the concentration of hydrogen ions increase?
What is the consequence when the concentration of hydrogen ions increase?
Lactic acid is a
Lactic acid is a
carbonic acid is a
carbonic acid is a
Which of the following ions are considered strong ions?
Which of the following ions are considered strong ions?
In the context of the text, what function do all cations serve?
In the context of the text, what function do all cations serve?
Why is the delivery of hydrogen moiety into extracellular fluid by Cl− significant?
Why is the delivery of hydrogen moiety into extracellular fluid by Cl− significant?
What role does water play in the reaction NaOH + H2O→H2O + OH− + Na+
What role does water play in the reaction NaOH + H2O→H2O + OH− + Na+
What role does water play in the reaction HCL + H2O→H3O+ + Cl−?
What role does water play in the reaction HCL + H2O→H3O+ + Cl−?
How do the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions delivered by Cl− and Na+ ultimately form?
How do the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions delivered by Cl− and Na+ ultimately form?
What principle must be followed in acid-base reactions to ensure that the sum of all positive ions equals the sum of all negative ions in a compartment?
What principle must be followed in acid-base reactions to ensure that the sum of all positive ions equals the sum of all negative ions in a compartment?
What is the term used to describe substances that dissociate completely ?
What is the term used to describe substances that dissociate completely ?
Which ion is mentioned as one of the most abundant strong ions in the extracellular space?
Which ion is mentioned as one of the most abundant strong ions in the extracellular space?
why strong ions are occasionally referred to as “mineral” acids or bases ?
why strong ions are occasionally referred to as “mineral” acids or bases ?
Which rule states that the total concentration of an incompletely dissociated substance is the sum of concentrations of its dissociated and undissociated forms?
Which rule states that the total concentration of an incompletely dissociated substance is the sum of concentrations of its dissociated and undissociated forms?
In acid-base chemistry, what significance do strong cations and strong anions carry?
In acid-base chemistry, what significance do strong cations and strong anions carry?
What independently influences the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution ?
What independently influences the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution ?
In human ECF, SID is always?
In human ECF, SID is always?
Any change in SID will change ?
Any change in SID will change ?
what is the relationship betweeb [H+]and [OH−]
what is the relationship betweeb [H+]and [OH−]
Which variable is considered independent in the equations involving SID and ATOT?
Which variable is considered independent in the equations involving SID and ATOT?
Which compound exists in multiple forms in extracellular fluid along with CO2(d)?
Which compound exists in multiple forms in extracellular fluid along with CO2(d)?
In the context of weak acid 'buffer' solutions, which molecule influences acid-base balance?
In the context of weak acid 'buffer' solutions, which molecule influences acid-base balance?
What does Stewart's term ATOT represent in the context of acid-base balance?
What does Stewart's term ATOT represent in the context of acid-base balance?
What determines the concentration of CO2(d) in the extracellular fluid?
What determines the concentration of CO2(d) in the extracellular fluid?
What is a simple rule of thumb for acute respiratory alkalosis?
What is a simple rule of thumb for acute respiratory alkalosis?
Which symptom is associated with hyperventilation in a patient with acute respiratory alkalosis?
Which symptom is associated with hyperventilation in a patient with acute respiratory alkalosis?
In respiratory alkalosis, how does the pH compare to normal?
In respiratory alkalosis, how does the pH compare to normal?
What characterizes acute respiratory alkalosis in terms of PaCO2 and HCO3−?
What characterizes acute respiratory alkalosis in terms of PaCO2 and HCO3−?
What is the normal value of PaCO2 in arterial blood?
What is the normal value of PaCO2 in arterial blood?
What is the main cause of hypocalcemia in a patient with acute respiratory alkalosis?
What is the main cause of hypocalcemia in a patient with acute respiratory alkalosis?
What is the main compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis mentioned in the text?
What is the main compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis mentioned in the text?
What is the result of a decrease in the SID as per the text?
What is the result of a decrease in the SID as per the text?
Which scenario may lead to a reduction in the SID and dilutional acidosis according to the text?
Which scenario may lead to a reduction in the SID and dilutional acidosis according to the text?
What clinical significance does metabolic acidosis have according to the text?
What clinical significance does metabolic acidosis have according to the text?
In metabolic alkalosis, what symptoms and signs are mentioned in the text?
In metabolic alkalosis, what symptoms and signs are mentioned in the text?
What happens to blood pH in metabolic acidosis compared to respiratory acidosis as per the text?
What happens to blood pH in metabolic acidosis compared to respiratory acidosis as per the text?
What is The most significant form of metabolic acidosis ?
What is The most significant form of metabolic acidosis ?
In hospital medicine, what solution containing 154 mEq of sodium and 154 mEq of chloride is commonly used?
In hospital medicine, what solution containing 154 mEq of sodium and 154 mEq of chloride is commonly used?
What causes metabolic alkalosis due to an increase in SID?
What causes metabolic alkalosis due to an increase in SID?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acidosis according to the text?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of acidosis according to the text?
What is also important determinant of acid-base status ?
What is also important determinant of acid-base status ?
What impact does hyperphosphatemia have on the acidosis of renal failure?
What impact does hyperphosphatemia have on the acidosis of renal failure?
What happens when hypoalbuminemia decreases ATOT?
What happens when hypoalbuminemia decreases ATOT?
'Contraction alkalosis' is commonly seen in clinical practice following the administration of which type of diuretics?
'Contraction alkalosis' is commonly seen in clinical practice following the administration of which type of diuretics?
'Metabolic alkalosis' is caused by chloride loss obeying which principle mentioned in the text?
'Metabolic alkalosis' is caused by chloride loss obeying which principle mentioned in the text?
'Hypoalbuminemia' is associated with a strong relationship with which aspect mentioned in the text?
'Hypoalbuminemia' is associated with a strong relationship with which aspect mentioned in the text?
What is the main reason why therapeutic hyperventilation is no longer used to treat intracranial hypertension?
What is the main reason why therapeutic hyperventilation is no longer used to treat intracranial hypertension?
Which condition is associated with problems in central ventilator control according to the text?
Which condition is associated with problems in central ventilator control according to the text?
What clinical signs are indicative of respiratory acidosis?
What clinical signs are indicative of respiratory acidosis?
What does an increase in PaCO2 by 10 mm Hg result in during acute Respiratory Acidosis ?
What does an increase in PaCO2 by 10 mm Hg result in during acute Respiratory Acidosis ?
Respiratory Acidosis occurs when there is an acute rise in PaCO2 usually associated with respiratory failure.
This may result from problems with?
Respiratory Acidosis occurs when there is an acute rise in PaCO2 usually associated with respiratory failure. This may result from problems with?
Why might a patient fail to liberate from mechanical ventilation due to acute metabolic alkalosis?
Why might a patient fail to liberate from mechanical ventilation due to acute metabolic alkalosis?
Which intravenous fluid could impact postoperative CO2-HCO3− homeostasis based on the information provided?
Which intravenous fluid could impact postoperative CO2-HCO3− homeostasis based on the information provided?
In the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), what is preferred?
In the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), what is preferred?
In anesthesia practice, patients may hyperventilate preoperatively and develop Respiratory Alkalosis as a consequence of ?
In anesthesia practice, patients may hyperventilate preoperatively and develop Respiratory Alkalosis as a consequence of ?
In anesthesia practice, patients may hyperventilate postoperatively and develop Respiratory Alkalosis as a consequence of ?
In anesthesia practice, patients may hyperventilate postoperatively and develop Respiratory Alkalosis as a consequence of ?
Respiratory Alkalosis due to hyperventilation More commonly results from
Respiratory Alkalosis due to hyperventilation More commonly results from
Compensation for hypercarbia due to Respiratory Acidosis is
Compensation for hypercarbia due to Respiratory Acidosis is
Compensation for hypercarbia due to Respiratory Acidosis result in
Compensation for hypercarbia due to Respiratory Acidosis result in
“rules of thumb In acute hypercarbia (acute Respiratory Acidosis ) is:
“rules of thumb In acute hypercarbia (acute Respiratory Acidosis ) is:
what is the expected HCO3 for A patient returning to the ICU from the operating room, with a PaCO2 of 80 mm Hg ?
what is the expected HCO3 for A patient returning to the ICU from the operating room, with a PaCO2 of 80 mm Hg ?
In chronic respiratory failure, the total CO2 load in the body increases substantially, reflected by
In chronic respiratory failure, the total CO2 load in the body increases substantially, reflected by
In chronic respiratory failure There is a concomitant fall in plasma ?
In chronic respiratory failure There is a concomitant fall in plasma ?
rules of thumb In chronic Respiratory Acidosis
rules of thumb In chronic Respiratory Acidosis
A patient returning to the intensive care unit from the operating room, ventilated to a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg but with high total CO2, secondary to chronic respiratory failure ( COPD). the preoperative baseline of total CO2 is 33 mEq/L. what is the PaCO2 baseline
A patient returning to the intensive care unit from the operating room, ventilated to a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg but with high total CO2, secondary to chronic respiratory failure ( COPD). the preoperative baseline of total CO2 is 33 mEq/L. what is the PaCO2 baseline
A useful rule of thumb used to characterize metabolic acidosis?
A useful rule of thumb used to characterize metabolic acidosis?
The body is hyperresponsive to acidosis. Increasing hydrogen ion content in cerebrospinal fluid lead to
The body is hyperresponsive to acidosis. Increasing hydrogen ion content in cerebrospinal fluid lead to
In normal ECF, the SID is 40 to 44 mEq/L, this positive charge being balanced principally by weak acids which without it the PH will be
In normal ECF, the SID is 40 to 44 mEq/L, this positive charge being balanced principally by weak acids which without it the PH will be
Albumin deficits can result from ?
Albumin deficits can result from ?
the presence of hypoalbuminemia may mask the detection of acidosis caused by?
the presence of hypoalbuminemia may mask the detection of acidosis caused by?
What is the role of a buffer in maintaining pH balance?
What is the role of a buffer in maintaining pH balance?
How does deoxygenated hemoglobin contribute to acid-base balance?
How does deoxygenated hemoglobin contribute to acid-base balance?
Which of the following is the primary source of acid in the body?
Which of the following is the primary source of acid in the body?
What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water within erythrocytes?
What happens when carbon dioxide combines with water within erythrocytes?
How is the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration primarily achieved ?
How is the regulation of hydrogen ion concentration primarily achieved ?
Why is it important for a buffer to have a pKa close to the physiological pH range?
Why is it important for a buffer to have a pKa close to the physiological pH range?
What effect does respiratory failure have on the principal CO2 buffering system?
What effect does respiratory failure have on the principal CO2 buffering system?
Which process is conventionally referred to as 'metabolic compensation'?
Which process is conventionally referred to as 'metabolic compensation'?
What is the result of compensation for chronic hypercarbia due to respiratory acidosis?
What is the result of compensation for chronic hypercarbia due to respiratory acidosis?
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase?
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase?
How is metabolic acid buffered in the body?
How is metabolic acid buffered in the body?
What characterizes renal tubular acidosis in terms of Cl− excretion?
What characterizes renal tubular acidosis in terms of Cl− excretion?
How does pseudohypoaldosteronism primarily impact chloride reabsorption?
How does pseudohypoaldosteronism primarily impact chloride reabsorption?
What is the significance of the bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular buffering?
What is the significance of the bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular buffering?
'Hypoalbuminemia' is strongly associated with which aspect mentioned in the text?
'Hypoalbuminemia' is strongly associated with which aspect mentioned in the text?
what is The major effect of the kidney on acid-base balance
what is The major effect of the kidney on acid-base balance
Bartter syndrome is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the
Bartter syndrome is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding the
other causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis ?
other causes of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis ?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
