Implicit Tests in Personality Psychology

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What is the main assumption underlying implicit measures of personality?

People have conscious control over their associations between concepts.

Implicit measures are not influenced by previous experience.

People form automatic associations based on previous experience and behavior. (correct)

Implicit measures predict behavior with low accuracy.

Which concepts should be sorted together more quickly and easily according to the theory behind implicit tests?

Concepts with weak associations

Concepts with no associations

Concepts with strong associations (correct)

Concepts with random associations

What did Back et al. (2009) find in relation to implicit measures of the 'Big Five' personality traits?

Implicit measures predicted behavior even after controlling for objective measures. (correct)

There was no evidence supporting implicit measures' validity.

They found no relationship between implicit measures and behavior.

Implicit measures were not reliable in predicting behavior.

What does the term 'implicit' refer to in the context of these personality tests?

Automatic or unconscious associations Signup and view all the answers

Why are implicit measures of personality considered encouraging despite sparse validity evidence?

Because they showed predictive power even after controlling for objective measures Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of sorting concepts together in implicit tests?

To measure associations between concepts Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes concepts that are sorted together more quickly in implicit tests?

Their strength of association Signup and view all the answers

What is the main requirement for a person taking a projective test like the Rorschach inkblot test?

Spontaneously projecting their unique personality Signup and view all the answers

According to the projective hypothesis, how are responses to ambiguous stimuli influenced?

By unconscious needs, feelings, and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Asking respondents to interpret symmetrical blots of ink Signup and view all the answers

Which projective test asks respondents to generate stories about a series of pictures?

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of projective tests like the Rorschach Inkblot Test and TAT?

To reveal unconscious needs, feelings, and experiences Signup and view all the answers

How do projective tests compare to objective tests in terms of administration?

Projective tests are more cumbersome and labor-intensive Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes projective tests from objective tests in terms of assessing personality?

Projective tests tap into unconscious aspects of personality Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using behavioral measures in personality assessment?

The data generated needs to be scored reliably. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the influence of transient factors on behavior during a specific instance?

They provide a distorted view of a person's characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

How can researchers overcome the limitations of any single method of personality assessment?

By using a diversity of approaches. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that no single method of assessing personality is perfect?

To emphasize the limitations inherent in each method. Signup and view all the answers

What is a similarity between behavioral measures and projective tests mentioned in the text?

Both generate rich sets of data that require reliable scoring. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that behavioral measures need to be scored reliably?

To ensure accurate and valid assessment. Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest is necessary for developing a more complete view of personality?

Utilizing a mix of different assessment approaches. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of informant ratings for children or adolescents?

Parents Signup and view all the answers

How are informant ratings generally formatted?

Single words or short phrases Signup and view all the answers

Why are informant ratings considered advantageous in assessing personality?

Informants have incentives for accuracy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of self-ratings?

Subject to defensiveness Signup and view all the answers

Who can serve as informants for older participants in personality assessments?

Friends, roommates, partners, spouses, children, bosses Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of items in informant rating instruments?

Single words or short phrases Signup and view all the answers

How do Funder and Dobroth explain the importance of evaluations by informants?

"Evaluations of the people in our social environment are central to our decisions about who to befriend and avoid, trust and distrust" Signup and view all the answers

What effect refers to the tendency of newly married individuals to rate their partners in an unrealistically positive way?

Honeymoon effect Signup and view all the answers

Which response bias affects both self-ratings and informant ratings?

Reference group effect Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the phenomenon where parents exaggerate differences between their children when providing ratings?

Sibling contrast effect Signup and view all the answers

In what way can informants influence the reliability of personality ratings?

By producing overly favorable personality ratings Signup and view all the answers

Which effect occurs when informants like the individuals they are rating, resulting in overly favorable personality ratings?

Letter of recommendation effect Signup and view all the answers

How can the informant personality ratings be affected when informants are allowed to nominate who rates them?

Ratings being more favorable Signup and view all the answers

'The reference group effect' is associated with which type of ratings?

Self-ratings and informant ratings Signup and view all the answers

What bias can make newly married individuals rate their partners in an unrealistically positive manner?