24 Questions
What type of organizations are constituted by governments coming together and forming new institutions?
International governmental organizations (IGOs)
Which of the following is an example of an international non-governmental organization (NGO)?
Amnesty International
What is the term used to describe private firms that operate across multiple countries?
Transnational corporations
Approximately how many transnational corporations existed in the year 2000?
53,000
What is the name of the policy that became dominant globally after the 1980s?
Liberalization or neo-liberalism
What is the main characteristic of International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)?
They are constituted by governments coming together
What is the term used to describe the growth of international organizations?
Globalization
How many International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) existed in 1909?
30
What has been the primary effect of technological advances in transportation?
Increased the possibility of movement from one country to another
What has been the impact of technologies of communication on international distance?
Reduced international distance
Which region had the highest average number of international calls per person in the mid-1990s?
Caribbean
What is one negative impact of technological advances in communication?
Facilitation of greater ease of transmission of materialist consumer values
What is a new aspect of globalization at this stage of the process?
The rise of new institutional actors
What is a characteristic of the current global politic at the local, national, and global levels?
The state has competition from other players
What is a consequence of the presence of new institutional actors in global politics?
Each state has to reckon with other players
How many states are there, including the 13 CARICOM states?
190 states
What is the primary motive of foreign direct investment?
To maximize profit
What do critics of foreign direct investment argue about Jamaica's domestic investment potential?
It is sufficient to generate economic growth and development
What is a risk of relying on foreign direct investment, according to critics?
It makes the country vulnerable to the risks of depending on the movement of capital across borders
What do foreign investors tend to seek in a host country?
Legal guarantees for the transmission of foreign exchange
Why do critics argue that foreign capital can be fickle?
Because it is attracted to incentives and may leave when they expire
What is a potential consequence of relying on foreign direct investment, according to critics?
Increased influence of foreign investors in the country's political, economic, and social life
What may foreign investors prioritize in order to maximize profits?
Minimizing costs and maximizing returns
What do critics argue is a consequence of relying on foreign direct investment for economic growth and development?
The country becomes more dependent on foreign capital
Study Notes
Technology Advances
- Technological advancements, particularly in transportation, have made travel cheaper and increased the possibility of movement between countries.
- Communication technologies, such as the telephone, fax machine, cellular telephone, and cable television, have dramatically transformed global communication.
- The telephone reduced international distance between countries and people, with 33 billion minutes of international calls made in 1990 and 70 billion in 1996.
- The average number of international calls per person was 11 minutes globally, with 41 minutes per person in industrial countries and 3 minutes per person in developing countries.
Negative Impacts of Technology
- The transmission of materialist consumer values from late-20th-century American society has been facilitated, leading to increased materialism and consumerism.
- The proximity of Jamaica to the US market, communication, and media has contributed to higher levels of materialism and consumerism compared to Trinidad, for example.
Political Influences
- The state is no longer the main player in global politics, facing competition from new institutional actors at the local, national, and global levels.
- International governmental organizations (IGOs), such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization, have increased in number, with 30 IGOs in 1909 and 300 in 2000.
- International non-governmental organizations (NGOs), such as the World Council of Churches, International Confederation Free Trade Unions, and Amnesty International, have also grown in power and influence.
- Transnational corporations, numbering around 53,000 with 700,000 branches or affiliates globally, have become significant economic powers, often controlling more capital than states or combinations of states.
New Policies
- The current phase of globalization is characterized by new policies summed up by the words "liberalization" or "neo-liberalism," which became dominant globally after the 1980s.
- The primary motive of foreign direct investment is profit-maximization, leading to a focus on minimizing costs, seeking legal guarantees, and operating in a zone of physical security and stability.
Critics of Foreign Direct Investment
- Some analysts argue that relying on foreign direct investment can make Jamaica vulnerable to the risks of depending on capital movement across borders.
- Critics suggest that foreign capital can exert inordinate influence in Jamaican political, economic, and social life, potentially placing sovereignty at risk.
- Foreign capital can be fickle, seeking incentives and potentially pulling out when they expire, leaving the country exploited and bewildered.
Explore how technological advancements have transformed global communication and travel, making it easier and more accessible. This quiz delves into the significant effects of technology on international relationships and connections.
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