Impact of Stroke on Cognitive Function
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Impact of Stroke on Cognitive Function

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of cognitive impairment associated with Grebral haemorrhage?

  • Complete lack of cognitive ability
  • Extreme euphoria
  • High levels of alertness
  • Severe confusion and disorientation (correct)

    • How does the severity of a Grebral haemorrhage correlate with the expected outcomes?

  • Smaller haemorrhages generally result in poorer outcomes
  • Severe damage is heavily influenced by the size and extent of the haemorrhage (correct)
  • Mortality rate is independent of haemorrhage size
  • Larger haemorrhages typically lead to better prognosis

    • What is a typical symptom experienced by individuals with Grebral haemorrhage?

  • Persistent coughing fits
  • Acute severe headache (correct)
  • Fatigue from physical exertion
  • Increased thirst and appetite

    • What demographic factor contributes to the case profile of a typical Grebral haemorrhage patient?

    <p>Younger population, average age of 55 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues are commonly associated with cognitive difficulties in patients with Grebral haemorrhage?

    <p>Severe anxiety and concentration problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cognitive impairment observed in the majority of patients after a major stroke?

    <p>Attention deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive domain is associated with the majority of impaired learning after a major stroke?

    <p>Anterograde amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the link between thalamic infarct and cognitive impairments after a stroke?

    <p>Thalamus serves as a sensory processing hub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients experience executive function difficulties after a major stroke?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically associated with major stroke symptoms?

    <p>Increased creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might cognitive impairments after a stroke not be immediately recognized?

    <p>They are often accompanied by physical symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major cognitive function is often impacted by difficulty switching between tasks after a stroke?

    <p>Executive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception exists regarding the symptoms of a stroke?

    <p>Only physical symptoms arise immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of benispatial neglect on patients?

    <p>Failure to pay attention to stimuli contralateral to the lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the inability to recognize faces?

    <p>Prosopagnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of visual impairment involves recognizing only half of the visual field?

    <p>Hemianopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive flexibility refer to in executive functions?

    <p>Switching between tasks effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain regions are primarily affected when a patient exhibits visual agnosia?

    <p>Occipital and temporal regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of disorder involves difficulty with written language and verbal communication yet allows repeating words?

    <p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which impairment is characterized by an inability to recognize colors?

    <p>Color agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of attention disorders, what is the main challenge for patients with benispatial neglect?

    <p>Paying attention to only one side of visual stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of embolic stroke?

    <p>Clotted material that breaks off from another part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Dorsal and medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stroke is characterized by bleeding within the brain itself?

    <p>Lobar intracerebral haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the penumbra in an ischemic stroke?

    <p>Surrounding area at risk of dying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes non-lobar intracerebral haemorrhage from lobar haemorrhage?

    <p>Location in the brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about CVA in younger individuals is true?

    <p>Increased risk of severe headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of strokes that are ischemic?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'supratentorial' refer to in the context of cerebrovascular accidents?

    <p>Cerebral hemispheres above the tentorium cerebelli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive disorder is NOT commonly associated with a cerebrovascular accident in the area supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

    <p>Visual agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of recovery in a Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA)?

    <p>Less than 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is a common consequence of damage to the occipital lobe due to a stroke?

    <p>Hemianopsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is primarily affected by strokes that account for approximately 80% of cases?

    <p>Frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces?

    <p>Prosopagnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of function is primarily affected in individuals with hemispatial neglect?

    <p>Awareness of one side of space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of apraxia in patients with stroke-related impairments?

    <p>Difficulty with movement planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cognitive dysfunction is associated with damage to the brain's supply area provided by the posterior cerebral artery?

    <p>Visual agnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stroke and Cognitive Impairment

    • Stroke can lead to cognitive impairment in 2/3 of patients, significantly impacting quality of life.
    • Cognitive impairment can affect various domains, including attention, memory, and executive function.

    Impact of Stroke on Cognition

    • Attention: Difficulty focusing on specific tasks, for example, struggling to follow a movie storyline.
    • Memory:
      • Retrograde amnesia: Difficulty recalling past memories.
      • Anterograde amnesia: Difficulty forming new memories.
    • Executive function:
      • Planning: Difficulty planning activities or tasks.
      • Task switching: Difficulty switching between tasks
    • Aphasia: Difficulty with language, often manifesting as speech and motor difficulties.
    • Hemispatial neglect: Patients may fail to attend to stimuli on the side opposite the brain lesion, known as contralateral neglect.
    • Visual Problems:
      • Hemianopia: Impaired vision in half of the visual field.
      • Quadrantanopia: Impaired vision in a quarter of the visual field.
      • Visual agnosia: Inability to recognize objects or people.
      • Prosopagnosia: Inability to recognize faces.
    • Executive and Behavioral Issues:
      • Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) supplies the frontal and parietal lobes.
      • Disturbances in connections between Broca's and Wernicke's areas can affect language processing and verbal communication.
      • Patients may experience difficulty with cognitive flexibility and task switching.

    Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

    • CVA refers to a stroke, affecting approximately 40,000 people annually.
    • Stroke occurs in 15% of individuals between 18 and 50 years old.
    • Stroke types:
      • Ischemic stroke (80%): Blockage of a blood vessel leading to tissue death (infarct).
      • Hemorrhagic stroke (20%): Bleeding in the brain.
      • Embolic stroke: Clot from elsewhere in the body travels to the brain.
      • Atherothrombosis: Formation of a blood clot in a brain artery.

    Hemorrhagic Stroke

    • Intracerebral haemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain.
      • Lobar: Haemorrhage within one of the cerebral lobes.
      • Non-lobar: Haemorrhage in other areas like the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, or brainstem.
    • Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): Bleeding in the space surrounding the brain.

    Risk Factors and Symptoms

    • Younger age: Older individuals are more prone to SAH.
    • Severe headache: A common symptom of SAH.

    Cerebral Artery Perfusion Areas

    • Supratentorial: Brain regions above the tentorium cerebelli, which includes the cerebrum.
    • Infratentorial: Brain regions below the tentorium cerebelli, including the brainstem and cerebellum.

    Impact of Stroke on Brain Regions

    • Supply area of anterior cerebral artery: Affects the dorsal and medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes.
      • Impacts: Language, executive function, social cognition, behaviour, emotions, and personality.
    • Supply area of middle cerebral artery: Supplies the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, and deep brain structures.
      • Impacts: Memory disorders, aphasia, apraxia, hemispatial neglect, and extinction.
    • Supply area of posterior cerebral artery: Supplies the occipital and temporal lobes.
      • Impacts: Hemianopsia, quadrantanopsia, and visual agnosia.

    Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

    • TIA is characterized by temporary neurological symptoms lasting less than 24 hours.

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    Brain And Cognition 2 PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the various cognitive impairments that can arise following a stroke, affecting areas such as attention, memory, executive function, and language. Understanding these impacts can help improve patient care and rehabilitation strategies. Test your knowledge on how stroke influences cognition and the accompanying challenges faced by patients.

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