Impact of School Conditions on SAT Scores

The average score on the Math portion of the SAT, out of 800 points, for a specific high school in Massachusetts.

A measure of the economic hardship faced by students, calculated as the percentage of students in a school who qualify for free or reduced-price lunch.

Categorization of schools based on their student enrollment, with three categories: small (< 342 students), medium (342-541 students), and large (> 541 students).

The number of schools included in the study after removing those with missing SAT scores.

The average Math SAT score for all schools in a specific size category.

The spread of the scores around the mean, indicating how much variation exists in the Math SAT scores within each school size category.

The relationship or connection between two or more variables, in this case, the relationship between the Math SAT score and factors like economic disadvantage and school size.

The process of analyzing data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between variables. It involves visualizing data, calculating summary statistics, and identifying potential relationships.

The average decrease in Math SAT scores for every 1% increase in economically disadvantaged students.

The lack of a significant relationship between school size and Math SAT scores.

The possibility that the findings might not apply to other states or the entire country.

The potential bias introduced by missing data, especially from smaller schools with fewer students taking the SAT.

The fact that SAT scores are not the only indicator of student success and may not accurately reflect students' abilities.

The study's focus on analyzing Math SAT scores only, neglecting other important aspects of student performance.

The need for further research to investigate the correlation between family income and SAT scores, and to explore ways to mitigate this correlation.

The study's focus on analyzing only the Math subsection of the SAT, instead of the overall score.

The suggestion that providing support systems for students from disadvantaged backgrounds could improve their academic outcomes.

The study's aim to provide insights to Massachusetts policymakers for improving their public education system.

The percentage of students in a school who are considered economically disadvantaged, based on factors like free or reduced-price lunch eligibility.

A statistical measure that describes the spread or variability of data points around the average value. It's calculated as the square root of the variance.

A statistical test used to determine if there is a significant relationship between two variables. The coefficient can range from -1 to +1, with -1 indicating a perfect negative correlation and +1 indicating a perfect positive correlation.

A type of statistical model that uses multiple independent variables to predict a dependent variable. In this case, it examines the relationship between average math SAT scores, percentage of economically disadvantaged students, and school size.

A statistical term that refers to the difference between the observed value of a dependent variable and the predicted value based on the regression model.

The process of examining residuals to identify any systematic patterns or trends that might indicate problems with the regression model, such as non-linearity or heteroscedasticity.

A statistical assumption that the residuals of a regression model are normally distributed with a constant variance. It ensures that the model's predictions are reliable and that confidence intervals and p-values are accurate.

A statistical test used to compare the means of two or more groups. It determines if there is a significant difference in the average values of the groups.

A statistical measure that represents the average of all data points in a dataset.

A type of regression model where the slopes of the lines for different groups are assumed to be equal. In this case, the model assumes the relationship between math SAT scores and percentage of economically disadvantaged students is similar for all school sizes.

The value of a dependent variable, such as average math SAT score, predicted by a regression model for a specific combination of predictor variables.

A statistical test used to determine if there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis. It assesses the probability of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true.

A statistical hypothesis that there is no relationship or difference between the variables being studied.

A statistical hypothesis that there is a relationship or difference between the variables being studied.

A statistical measure that indicates the variability of data within a specific group.