Impact of Information Technologies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the positive impacts of information technologies on the economy?

Reduction in purchasing power

Stronger economy through reduced production costs (correct)

Increased dependency on skilled labor

Increased job deskilling

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to overcome Internet addiction?

Increase daily screen time to build tolerance

Increase activities that involve mobile devices

Limit usage and schedule times for device access (correct)

Ignore the problem as it may resolve itself

What does telecommuting enable individuals to do?

Work only in their local geographical area

Foster in-person workplace relationships

Eliminate the need for any work-related skills

Perform their jobs from home (correct)

What health issue is associated with the increasing popularity of touchscreens?

Stress-related injuries of the hands, arms, back, and eyes Signup and view all the answers

What is job deskilling?

The elimination of skilled labor due to high technology Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of distracted walking while using a smartphone?

Injuries such as sprains and fractures Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of green computing promote?

A sustainable environment with minimal energy consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is 'text neck'?

Neck pain and damage from looking down at handheld devices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with prolonged computer use?

Vision problems Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the major components of green computing?

Green design Signup and view all the answers

What approach does green disposal emphasize?

Repurposing and recycling Signup and view all the answers

Which method can contribute to green use of computing devices?

Minimizing electricity consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy can help reduce health problems associated with computer use?

Implementing flexible work arrangements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of green computing?

High resource consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices reduces the need for travel in a workplace?

Conducting meetings over computer networks Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of replacing multiple small servers with one large server using virtualization?

Lower energy consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of database marketing?

Implement marketing strategies to enhance competitiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key component of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

User consent Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym CLTV stand for in database marketing?

Customer Lifetime Value Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a potential invasion of privacy in database marketing?

Employers searching for background information on applicants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laws mainly protects consumers from identity theft?

Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act (FACTA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'what-if' analysis in tools like Tableau?

To visualize potential outcomes based on varying inputs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ethical issue related to information technology?

Ease of collecting and disseminating information leading to unethical behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What type of data do cookies collect from users?

User preferences and browsing activity Signup and view all the answers

In the context of data privacy, what does nonrepudiation refer to?

Binding parties to a contract Signup and view all the answers

What can organizations do to minimize invasions of privacy when collecting data?

Limit access to personal information to authorized individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is most likely to adopt monitoring systems to check employee performance?

Healthcare organizations Signup and view all the answers

Which act ensures parents can control what information is collected from their children online?

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an acceptable use policy?

To clearly define the rights and responsibilities of users Signup and view all the answers

Which file structure allows data to be processed in numerical or sequential order?

Sequential access file structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a data dictionary within a database?

To define database file structure and maintain the schema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the three approaches to setting up a Distributed Database Management System?

Fragmentation, Replication, Allocation Signup and view all the answers

In a relational model, what do rows represent?

Records Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is NOT commonly associated with database query language?

Push Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of data marts compared to data warehouses?

Faster access to data owing to their smaller size Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly defines the 5Vs of the Big Data Era?

Volume, Variety, Velocity, Veracity, Value Signup and view all the answers

What is normalization primarily used for in database management?

To improve database efficiency by eliminating redundancy Signup and view all the answers

What does a foreign key do in a relational database?

Ensures data integrity by cross-referencing another table's primary key Signup and view all the answers

Which option refers to a set of rules specifying legal and ethical uses of a system?

Acceptable Use Policy Signup and view all the answers

Which model organizes records in a tree-like structure?

Hierarchical model Signup and view all the answers

The concept that refers to equal treatment of all data on the internet is known as:

Internet Neutrality Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the gap created by information technology and the Internet between the information rich and the information poor?

Digital Divide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the limitations of a sequential access file structure?

Records must be rewritten to insert new data. Signup and view all the answers

How does information technology primarily impact the workplace?

Telecommuting enables individuals to work from home Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of data found in a data warehouse?

Subject-oriented and categorized based on time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT typically represent a benefit of a data warehouse?

Requires minimal maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary key's role in a relational database?

To uniquely identify each record Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a DBMS is responsible for data storage and retrieval?

Database Engine Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of implementing normalization in a database?

Complicated query execution due to multiple related tables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a logical view of data?

The way that users interact with data through reports Signup and view all the answers

In a distributed database management system (DDBMS), which is an advantage?

Design reflects the firm’s structure Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

METHODS FOR ACCESSING FILES

Sequential access organizes records in numerical order, making insertion difficult and requiring whole file rewrites for updates.
Primary keys uniquely identify records (e.g., Social Security Numbers, account numbers) for data organization and retrieval.
Sequential files are ideal for backup due to their infrequent updates, though they are time-consuming with high data redundancy.

LOGICAL DATABASE DESIGN

Information in databases has two views: physical (storage specifics) and logical (user-oriented).
There may be multiple logical views per user for effective organization and retrieval of information.
Data models dictate how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained, with key components like data structure, operations, and integrity rules.

COMPONENTS OF DBMS

Database Engine: Manages data storage, manipulation, and retrieval, converting user requests into physical data operations.
Database Definition: Maintains the data dictionary and defines the database structure.
Database Manipulation: Facilitates adding, deleting, modifying, and retrieving records using query languages like SQL.
Application Generation: Handles tasks such as security, backup, recovery, and user permissions (CRUD).
Data Administration: Manages database design, security, performance evaluation, and recovery procedures.

DATA MODELS

Hierarchical Model: Records are arranged in a tree-like structure with nodes (records) connected by branches (relationships).
Network Model: Similar to the hierarchical model but allows multiple parent-child relationships amongst records.
Relational Model: Data is organized in two-dimensional tables. Rows represent records (tuples) and columns represent fields (attributes).
Data Dictionary: Contains definitions such as data types, default values, and validation rules for fields.
Normalization: Reduces data redundancy, ensuring related data is stored in tables across various normal forms (1NF to 5NF).

RECENT TRENDS IN DATABASE USE

Data-Driven Websites: Interface with databases to retrieve and allow user data entry, improving information access and reducing maintenance.
Data Warehousing: Collects data from multiple sources to support decision-making and business intelligence, characterized by aggregated, subject-oriented data categorized over time.
Distributed Database Management System (DDBMS): Stores data across multiple servers, enhancing design reflection of organizational structure, performance, and security.

DATABASE MARKETING

Utilizes customer databases for proactive marketing strategies aims to enhance profits, competitiveness, and long-term customer relationships through tasks like CLTV calculation and RFM analysis.

DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS

Tableau: Offers data visualization for BI, enables trend analysis.
Power BI: A Microsoft tool for visualizing and integrating data from various sources, aiding in decision-making.

PRIVACY ISSUES

Employers monitor social media for background checks, raising concerns about personal data collected by organizations across various sectors.
Federal laws such as HIPAA, FACTA, COPPA, and GDPR regulate personal data collection, protection, and consent.

EMAIL AND DATA COLLECTION

Spam refers to unsolicited bulk emails and raises concerns about privacy and the potential misuse of personal data online.
Cookies are small files used to customize user experience but can be intrusive without consent.
Companies should ensure secure data collection practices, specifying purposes, obtaining necessary consents, and implementing verification for data accuracy.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Comprises industrial property (inventions, trademarks) and copyrighted material (literary and artistic works).
Fair Use Doctrine permits limited use of copyrighted materials under specific circumstances.
Trademark protections cover product identifiers, while patents safeguard innovative processes.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Increased ease of information collection raises risks of cybercrime and identity theft.
To mitigate unethical practices, organizations should enforce ethical standards and codes of conduct among employees.### Cybersexual and Internet Compulsions
The speed of Internet connections influences user behaviors and compulsions.
Types of web compulsions include gambling, shopping, stock trading, along with cyber-relationships and online gaming.
Information-seeking through the Internet is increasingly common, impacting workplace dynamics.

Health and Safety Concerns with Technology

Distracted walking while using smartphones can lead to various injuries like sprains and fractures, or even fatalities.
"Selfie deaths" occur when individuals take risks for photographs in hazardous situations.
Common health issues associated with technology use include vision problems, musculoskeletal injuries, stress-related injuries, and reproductive challenges.

Overcoming Internet and Smartphone Addiction

Acknowledgment of the addiction problem is the first step to recovery.
Recommendations include limiting usage, actively engaging in social activities, and maintaining device-free times.
Professional help may be necessary for severe cases of addiction.

Green Computing

Focuses on creating a sustainable environment with minimal energy consumption throughout the lifecycle of computer devices.
Involves cooperation from both private and public sectors for effective implementation of green practices.
Strategies include designing energy-efficient devices, recycling materials, and minimizing business travel by using remote communication technologies.

Achieving Green Computing

Design durable products with modular capabilities for easy upgrades.
Optimize computing routines to be faster and energy-efficient.
Utilize virtualization techniques to consolidate server usage.
Promote remote work arrangements and encourage public transportation.

Database Knowledge Assessment

Both internal and external data can be stored in a database.
Random access file structures are ideal for quick processing of small record sets.
The Network Model allows for multiple parent and child record relationships, differentiating it from the hierarchical model.
An incorrect statement about Data Administration includes a failure to evaluate data performance.

Key Concepts in Data Management

DDBMS setup approaches consist of fragmentation, replication, and migration.
Data warehouses support decision-making applications and can handle large volumes of data.
Benefits of data marts include faster access, improved response times, and simpler creation.

Big Data Eras and Data Regulation

The 5Vs of big data are volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value, emphasizing the multiple dimensions of data.
Acceptable use policies govern the legal and ethical aspects of system usage.
Internet neutrality ensures equal treatment of all data online, preventing discrimination by ISPs.

Information Technology Impacts

Telecommuting enhances workforce flexibility, allowing employees to work from home.
Information technology creates a digital divide, separating individuals by data access capabilities.
Implementing sustainable practices is essential for minimizing environmental impact from technology use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the positive impacts of information technologies on the economy and strategies to overcome Internet addiction. This quiz also covers telecommuting, health issues related to touchscreens, job deskilling, and the consequences of distracted walking. Challenge yourself with these important modern topics!