Impact of Increasing CO2 on Biosphere

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between structure and function in living organisms?

Structure and function are loosely related

Structure and function have no bearing on each other

Structure and function are completely independent of each other

Structure and function are closely related (correct)

What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?

Cells (correct)

Organs

Molecules

Tissues

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do not

Prokaryotic cells use RNA as their genetic material while eukaryotic cells use DNA

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, with membrane-enclosed organelles (correct)

Eukaryotic cells are simpler and smaller than prokaryotic cells

What is the function of the cell membrane?

To enclose the cell and separate it from the external environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest organelle usually found in a eukaryotic cell?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feedback mechanisms in biological systems?

To regulate biological processes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback mechanism causes a process to slow down as more of the product accumulates?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

Approximately how many species have been identified and named to date?

1.8 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the groups of species mentioned in the text?

Mammals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of classifying species into groups?

To help organize the diversity of life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of increasing CO2 on the biosphere?

Enhanced photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

How do trees contribute to the cycling of chemical nutrients in the ecosystem?

By returning minerals to the soil through decomposed leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a human-induced change in the environment mentioned in the text?

Increased air pollution by factories Signup and view all the answers

In what process do leaves absorb light energy from the sun?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

How do organisms interact with their environment?

By interacting with non-living factors and other organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of global climate change caused by human activities?

Global warming due to increased CO2 emissions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy for living organisms?

Light Signup and view all the answers

How do plants transform the energy they absorb?

Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy do animal muscle cells convert chemical energy from food into?

Kinetic energy Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some of the energy used by living organisms to do work?

It is converted to thermal energy and lost as heat Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of a biological organism relate to its function?

Analysing the structure gives clues about its function Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate fate of the chemical energy transferred from plants to consumers?

It is converted to thermal energy and lost as heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the substance of genes?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of DNA?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of a DNA molecule?

Two long chains arranged in a double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of genes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of all reproduction, growth, and repair in multicellular organisms?

Cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting gene information into a cellular product?

Both transcription and translation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy and Work

Energy is essential for living organisms to perform various activities such as moving, growing, and reproducing
Energy is transformed from one form to another in an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat
Producers absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy, which is stored in sugar molecules
Consumers convert chemical energy from food into kinetic energy (motion) and some of this energy is converted to thermal energy (heat)

Structure and Function

The structure and function of living organisms are closely related
Analyzing a biological structure provides clues about its function, and knowing a function provides insights into its structure
Examples of structure and function correlation include:
- Leaf is thin and flat to maximize light capture by chloroplasts
- Bird's wing is adapted to flight with its shape and bone structure

The Cell

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms
All cells are enclosed by a membrane and use DNA as their genetic information
There are two main forms of cells: prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (plants, animals)
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells are simpler and smaller

Interactions and Environment

Organisms interact with their environment, including non-living factors and other organisms
These interactions affect both the organisms and their environments
Examples of interactions include:
- A tree takes up water and minerals from the soil and releases oxygen into the air
- Humans have modified the environment, contributing to global warming and climate change

Energy Transfer and Transformation

Life requires energy transfer and transformation from one form to another
Energy is transferred and transformed through various processes, including photosynthesis and respiration

Heritable Information and DNA

The continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA
Chromosomes contain most of a cell's genetic material in the form of DNA
DNA is the substance of genes, which transmit information from parents to offspring
Genes encode information for building proteins, and DNA serves as a central database

Feedback Mechanisms

Feedback mechanisms regulate biological systems, allowing them to self-regulate
There are two types of feedback mechanisms: negative feedback and positive feedback
Negative feedback slows down a process as the product accumulates, while positive feedback speeds up the process as the product accumulates

The Diversity of Life

There are approximately 1.8 million identified and named species to date
The diversity of life includes various species of prokaryotes, fungi, plants, vertebrates, insects, and more
Estimates of the total number of species that exist range from 10 million to over 100 million
Grouping species into categories helps to organize and understand the diversity of life

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Description

Explore the effects of increasing CO2 on the biosphere through interactions between organisms and their environment. Learn how changes in variables can impact the entire ecosystem.