Impact of Colonization and Global Economy
84 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What was a significant impact of the steam engine on transportation?

  • Increased reliance on animal-powered locomotion
  • Facilitated the establishment of railroads (correct)
  • Reduced the need for coal as a resource
  • Created disjointed travel routes
  • Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between core and peripheral regions?

  • Core regions are primarily agricultural, while peripheral regions are industrial.
  • Core regions benefit from trade dominance at the expense of peripheral regions. (correct)
  • Both core and peripheral regions share equal economic success.
  • Peripheral regions dominate trade and maintain high productivity.
  • How does political economy explain uneven development?

  • It views uneven development as a product of capitalism. (correct)
  • It's purely a result of geographical location.
  • It considers individual state policies without external influence.
  • It relies exclusively on cultural factors for explanations.
  • What does Wallerstein's world systems theory suggest about core processes?

    <p>They generate wealth and higher levels of technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of colonialism on global development?

    <p>It created a spatial legacy of global inequality and underdevelopment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes semi-peripheral regions in the global economy?

    <p>They are exploited and also engage in exploitative practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been an effect of the spread of the global economy as a result of colonization?

    <p>A concentration of power emerged primarily in Europe and North America.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of labor characterizes peripheral regions according to world systems theory?

    <p>Low-skilled jobs with lower salaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to Canada being characterized as having low population density?

    <p>A vast land area with relatively few inhabitants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the population pyramid primarily indicate about a population?

    <p>The age and sex distribution within a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) calculated?

    <p>Crude birth rate subtracted by crude death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the declining fertility rates in Canada?

    <p>Women engaging more in the labor force and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a population with a high percentage of elderly individuals?

    <p>A need for improved healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the term 'replacement level' in population dynamics?

    <p>The average number of children needed per woman to sustain population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic trend is shown by the increasing mortality rate of infants?

    <p>Indications of overall health issues within society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a disease have on population dynamics?

    <p>Can significantly reshape population growth and decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements are primarily assessed through the population pyramid?

    <p>Growth rates, death rates, and demographic composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of remittances?

    <p>They are often sent back to low and middle-income countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for forced migration?

    <p>Involuntary movement due to authority or power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a push factor influencing migration?

    <p>Political stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates repatriation from voluntary migration?

    <p>Repatriation is the return of refugees to their home country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary reason for individuals migrating during the Irish Potato Famine?

    <p>Failed agricultural yields leading to famine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of over 5 million people in Sudan is an example of migration occurring due to what factor?

    <p>Civil war and political circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario exemplifies cultural and traditional influences on migration?

    <p>The partition of British India into Hindus and Muslims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a refugee according to international laws?

    <p>Someone fleeing due to well-founded fear of persecution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between push factors and pull factors in migration?

    <p>Push factors lead to leaving a location, while pull factors draw people to a new location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is chain migration primarily influenced by?

    <p>Kinship links and established networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant issue faced by undocumented people in a foreign country?

    <p>Risk of deportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do border walls reflect the dynamics of migration?

    <p>They exemplify efforts to regulate unauthorized movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the environment as defined in the content?

    <p>Government policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does society play in regulating the economy?

    <p>Society can impose regulations to protect resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does smog primarily result from in urban areas?

    <p>Combination of smoke and fog due to air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between economy and environment highlighted in the content?

    <p>A healthy environment is indispensable for a functioning economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents the concept of society?

    <p>A network of relationships among individuals coexisting in a location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary consequences of economic activities on the environment?

    <p>Resource depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of government regarding migration?

    <p>Government establishes laws that regulate migrant entry and status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of population growth on resource allocation?

    <p>Increased demand leading to competition for resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which differentiates renewable resources from non-renewable resources?

    <p>Renewable resources can be replaced through natural processes, but non-renewable cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an ecological footprint reflect?

    <p>The total land needed to sustain an individual’s lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of sustainable development primarily focused on?

    <p>Balancing economic growth with environmental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is conservation different from preservation?

    <p>Conservation allows sustainable use of resources, while preservation restricts human impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'imagined geographies' in tourism?

    <p>Concepts of places shaped by media perceptions rather than reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the commodification of a place in tourism?

    <p>Transforming experiences into marketable products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the impact of mass media in postmodern societies like Las Vegas?

    <p>Mass media influences perceptions, creating a hyper-reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept explains the importance of images in tourism?

    <p>Images shape perceptions and motivate consumer interest before experiencing a destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is natural capital defined in the context of economic activities?

    <p>It includes resources that support manufacturing and sustain economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'pastiche' in the context of Las Vegas?

    <p>It describes the conscious blending of diverse styles to create new experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is environmental ethics primarily concerned with?

    <p>Human responsibility towards protecting the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is tourism inherently different from tangible products?

    <p>Tourism experiences can only be appreciated after actual consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do images play in destination advertisements?

    <p>They create a narrative that influences consumer perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do derelict landscapes typically indicate?

    <p>Abandonment and disinvestment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do skyscrapers generally reflect societal conditions?

    <p>They signify economic development and prosperity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of iconography in landscape reading?

    <p>To examine symbols within the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do slums and overcrowding generally represent in urban studies?

    <p>Manifestations of poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What values are typically embedded in a built landscape?

    <p>Traditions and cultural identities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the phenomenon in postmodern cities where objects are perceived as more real than reality itself?

    <p>Hyper-real</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts relates specifically to the perceived reduction of space between different geographical locations?

    <p>Time-space compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to representations of originals that do not actually exist, particularly in a cultural context?

    <p>Simulacra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept signifies the blending of historical and contemporary styles in a cultural context?

    <p>Pastiche</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of postmodernism, what is the primary significance of Las Vegas as a city?

    <p>It represents a hyper-reality where popular culture overshadows true reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement most accurately reflects the characteristics of local/folk culture?

    <p>It encompasses cultural beliefs and customs specific to a location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes popular culture from local culture?

    <p>Popular culture often involves commercialization and mass media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural geographers perceive the relationship between culture and place?

    <p>Culture is embedded in place, influencing and being influenced by it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In defining culture, which aspect is least considered significant?

    <p>The economic utilities derived from cultural practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cultural landscapes according to cultural geography?

    <p>They include the physical manifestation of culture in a given area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept best summarizes the idea of cultural traits within local culture?

    <p>Cultural traits include distinct practices such as dance, food, and art.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the importance of 'place' in cultural geography?

    <p>Place is integral to understanding cultural systems and expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes areas where specific cultural systems prevail?

    <p>Cultural regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of the social constructed-ness of place?

    <p>It allows for changes in meanings associated with place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whose meanings regarding place are considered dominant in cultural geography?

    <p>Meanings defined by dominant social groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural geographers view the relationship between culture and power?

    <p>Cultural meanings are contested and reflect power relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the New Cultural Geography challenge regarding shared culture?

    <p>It questions the assumption that culture is uniformly experienced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are meanings constructed in relation to place?

    <p>They are shaped by the existing power relations within society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of landscapes are described as being imbued with special meanings?

    <p>Symbolic landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental question arises concerning the meanings of place?

    <p>Who holds the authority to define the meaning of place?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily involved in the process of theming a place?

    <p>Establishing a cultural narrative linked to a common theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines a theme park?

    <p>A site characterized by multiple specific themes in separate areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the perspective of the cultural turn in geography?

    <p>Cultural expressions are shaped by social divides and power relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pastiche' refer to in the context of theming environments?

    <p>The conscious mixing of dissimilar styles to create a collage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT a component of theming environments?

    <p>Using a single retail style to enhance identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the role of physical design in theming?

    <p>Physical design and cultural narratives work together to create identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes a themed retail experience within environments?

    <p>Diverse styles and mixes of retailing that relate to the theme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does theming include when developing landscapes and spaces?

    <p>Strategizing to reflect a common theme through design elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of theming in urban environments like Leavenworth, Washington?

    <p>A consistent application of cultural identity through design choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Impact of Colonization

    • Increased efficiency of coal production: Colonizers utilized existing resources, like coal, more effectively.
    • New Goods and Manufacturing: Advanced manufacturing methods led to the production of new goods and increased output.
    • Steam Engine and Transportation: The development of the steam engine fostered the rise of locomotives and railroad systems, leading to increased connectivity.
    • Global Economic Interdependence: Colonization facilitated the spread of global trade and economic systems. However, the benefits were not equally distributed, resulting in power concentration in Europe and North America.
    • Uneven Development: Colonization's lasting impact includes global inequality, underdevelopment, and dependency of the Global South on the Global North.

    Core-Periphery Model

    • Core Regions: Dominant in global trade, possessing high productivity and economic power.
    • Peripheral Regions: Dependent on core regions for trade, characterized by underdeveloped economies and disadvantageous trade relationships.
    • Semi-Peripheral Regions: Experience exploitation and exploitation, often serving as a bridge between core and peripheral regions.

    Political Economy

    • Uneven Development: Political economy theories attribute unequal development to the inherent nature of capitalism.
    • State and Global Economy: Understanding the relationship between states and the global economy is crucial for analyzing economic disparities.

    World Systems Theory (Wallerstein)

    • Core: Characterized by wealth generation, high per capita incomes, advanced technology, education, and productivity.
    • Periphery: Depicted as regions with low levels of education, unskilled labor, lower wages, and limited technology.

    Population Density in Canada

    • Low Population Density: Canada is known for its vast land area and relatively low population density.

    Megalopolis

    • East Coast Urban Concentration: The Megalopolis stretches from Washington D.C. to Boston, representing a merged urban area encompassing multiple cities.

    Population Composition

    • Demographic Characteristics: Understanding population composition provides insights into a population's characteristics and future needs.
    • Age Structure: A high proportion of elderly individuals can lead to an increase in the demand for medical services.

    Population Pyramid

    • Age and Sex Distribution: Population pyramids illustrate the age and sex distribution of a population.
    • Population Dynamics: Pyramids reveal information about growth rates, birth rates, mortality rates, and life expectancy.
    • Gender Differences in Life Expectancy: Population Pyramids often show that females tend to have longer life expectancies than males.

    Population Change Over Time

    • Natural Increase: Population change is influenced by the difference between births and deaths.
    • Immigration: Migration can also contribute significantly to population growth.

    Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

    • Population Growth Indicator: RNI measures population change by subtracting deaths from births over a specific period.
    • Calculation: RNI is calculated using the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate.

    Fertility Rate

    • Average Births per Woman: Fertility rate measures the average number of children born per woman of childbearing age.
    • Replacement Level: A fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman is considered the replacement level for a stable population.
    • Declining Fertility Rates: Factors contributing to declining fertility rates include increased female participation in the workforce, higher education attainment, and later marriages.

    Health and Population Dynamics

    • Mortality Rates: High infant mortality rates are an indicator of health challenges in a society.
    • Life Expectancy: Life expectancy varies significantly across different regions, with lower average life expectancies often found in the Global South.

    Migration

    • Forced Migration: Migration driven by external forces, such as war, persecution, or natural disasters.
    • Repatriation: The return of refugees to their home countries.
    • Voluntary Migration: Migration based on individual choice.

    Push Factors

    • Motives for Leaving: Push factors are conditions or perceptions that motivate people to leave their current location.
    • Examples: Unemployment, cost of living, unsafe conditions, environmental degradation.

    Pull Factors

    • Attractive Destinations: Pull factors are conditions or perceptions that attract migrants to a new location.
    • Examples: Job opportunities, family connections, better living standards, political stability

    Undocumented Migrants

    • Illegal Immigration: Refers to people residing in a country without legal authorization.
    • Government Policies: Policies regarding undocumented migrants can include deportation and border control measures.

    Environmental Impacts of Economic Activity

    • Resource Degradation and Depletion: Economic activities can lead to environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources.
    • Pollution: Smog is a common example of air pollution resulting from economic activity in urban areas.

    Economic Growth, Consumption & Resources

    • The environment provides resources for the economy
    • Economic growth often comes at the expense of the environment
    • Consumption patterns have a significant impact on the environment, measured through the ecological footprint

    Population Growth

    • The population is expected to grow, leading to increased demand for resources
    • Greater competition for resources will arise due to population growth

    Defining Natural Resources

    • Resources from nature that are beneficial to humans
    • Typically classified as renewable or non-renewable

    Renewable Resources

    • Resources replaced by environmental processes
    • Continuously meet human demands as long as they are not used faster than they are replaced

    Non-Renewable Resources

    • Finite and replaced very slowly
    • Can lead to environmental damage during extraction

    Natural Capital

    • Resources used for manufacturing and economic activities
    • A sustainable approach helps maintain revenue flow

    Nature's Utility

    • The environment is a source of income, livelihoods, material goods, and economic activity
    • Sustainable resource use is crucial for continued revenue from a utilitarian perspective

    Ecological Footprint

    • Measures the amount of land and resources used to sustain a population
    • Average ecological footprint: 2.6 hectares per year
    • Countries with high consumption have larger footprints
    • If everyone consumed at the US rate, we would need 5.1 Earths
    • Currently, we need 1.8 Earths to sustain current resource usage
    • This situation emphasizes the unsustainable nature of current consumption and resource use

    Sustainable Development

    • Balancing a healthy human society and healthy environment with growth and development
    • Represents a responsible approach to development
    • Can be a solution for avoiding environmental degradation and poverty

    Nature's Non-Monetary Value

    • The environment holds intrinsic value beyond monetary worth
    • Trees provide oxygen and are essential for human life
    • Two aspects of conservation:
      • Conservation: sustainable use and management of resources
      • Preservation: protecting areas from human intervention
    • Environmental ethics explores the non-monetary values of the environment
      • Land ethic: humans are citizens and protectors of the environment
      • Responsibility towards the environment requires limits to individual freedoms

    Power, Cultural Term

    • Religion has a distinct impact on a society
    • Migration brings cultural elements from an individual's old home, contributing to a sense of belonging
    • Commodification: transforming a place into a marketable product

    Tourism and Commodification

    • Tourism can be interpreted as the consumption of place
    • A place needs to be a commodity before a tourist can consume it
    • Tourism is intimately connected to place
    • Place promotion creates meaning around a destination and relies heavily on images

    Images in Tourism

    • Tourism is intangible and can't be physically tested beforehand
    • Destination advertisers use attention-grabbing images because perceptions drive consumer action
    • Images play a more significant role than tangible resources in motivating consumers

    Destination Advertisements

    • Construct a sense of place
    • Aim to drive consumers to purchase the experience

    Imagined Geographies

    • Images and stories can influence perceptions of places
    • These imagined geographies are formed by media like TV and news
    • Tourist destinations can be idealized, omitting realities like poverty
    • Advertisements disconnect consumers from the realities of places and how products are made

    Theming

    • Involves giving an identity to a place through physical design and cultural narratives
    • Creating themed environments, like themed restaurants and theme parks

    Las Vegas: Postmodern City

    • Characterized by dominant popular culture and mass media, shaping our sense of reality
    • Pastiche: mixing incompatible genres, styles and spaces
    • Hyperreal: deliberate confusion between reality and the artificial
    • Simulacra: representations of originals that don't exist

    Defining Culture

    • Culture is a shared system of meanings, beliefs, norms, and values practiced by a group of people, shaping their way of life.

    Local/Folk Culture

    • Local/folk cultures are the traditional beliefs, customs, and norms dominant within a specific location.
    • These cultures exhibit unique traits in dance, dress, food, sporting events, architecture, music, customs, art, festivals, and aesthetics.
    • Popular culture is widely commercialized and disseminated through mass media, often driven by corporations and advertising agencies.
    • It can be practiced by diverse groups of people.

    Culture and Place

    • Place is a crucial component of culture.
    • Cultural geographers investigate the interplay between culture and place.
    • Cultural regions are areas where specific values, beliefs, and practices dominate, shaping the identity of the region.
    • The meanings attributed to place are socially constructed, highlighting the potential for change by human actions.

    The New Cultural Geography

    • The New Cultural Geography challenges the traditional 'Cultural Landscape Approach.'
    • It recognizes the political nature of culture, acknowledging diverse perspectives within a place.
    • It highlights the contested nature of cultural meanings, as they are influenced by power dynamics and social divisions.
    • It considers the wider social and political context in which culture is shaped and expressed.

    Place Meanings and Power

    • Place acquires meaning within a context of power relations.
    • Dominant groups establish rules and define norms, shaping the meanings attributed to places.
    • It raises questions about whose meanings are given precedence and how those meanings are determined.

    Reading Symbols in the Landscape

    • Symbolic landscapes hold special meanings, reflecting the values and experiences of the people who shape them.
    • Iconography examines symbols embedded in the landscape.
    • Derelict landscapes reflect abandonment, misuse, disinvestment, or vandalism.
    • Urban landscapes reveal economic development and prosperity or poverty and overcrowding.
    • The built environment reflects and reinforces certain values.

    Theming Environments

    • Theming involves shaping the identity of a place through physical design and cultural narratives.
    • This involves creating a theme-based experience through physical design, naming places, and creating related businesses.
    • Theme parks offer self-contained entertainment complexes with themed landscapes, rides, performances, and related services.
    • Theming can be disaggregated, creating smaller themed areas within a larger space.

    Las Vegas: Postmodern City

    • Postmodernism emphasizes the dominance of popular culture and mass media in shaping our sense of reality.
    • Las Vegas embodies postmodern principles like pastiche, hyper-real, simulacra, and time-space compression.
    • Pastiche involves mixing dissimilar styles and spaces in a collage of seemingly incompatible features
    • Hyper-real blurs the lines between reality and artificiality, presenting simulations that are more real than reality itself.
    • Simulacra are representations of originals that never actually existed, creating a world of illusions.
    • Time-space compression refers to the perceived shrinking of space between places due to advancements in transportation and communication.

    Las Vegas: Fantasy City

    • Las Vegas is a postmodern city where popular culture and mass media dominate the experience of place.
    • The city's themed environments and fabricated experiences contribute to its fantastical atmosphere.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    GEOG 1200 Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the profound effects of colonization on global trade, production efficiency, and technological advancements. This quiz covers topics like the core-periphery model, uneven development, and the resulting economic interdependence. Understand how historical patterns continue to influence modern global dynamics.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser