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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with the development of variolation?
Who is credited with the development of variolation?
- The Sung dynasty (correct)
- Jenner
- Pasteur
- The WHO
What did Jenner use to expose the boy to in 1796?
What did Jenner use to expose the boy to in 1796?
- Smallpox
- Influenza
- Measles
- Cowpox (correct)
What did Pasteur use the word 'vaccination' for?
What did Pasteur use the word 'vaccination' for?
- Immunization
- Protective inoculation (correct)
- Variolation
- Immunotherapy
When did the last wild type case of smallpox occur?
When did the last wild type case of smallpox occur?
Which technique is used to separate proteins of antigen by size before transferring them to a nylon membrane in Western Blotting?
Which technique is used to separate proteins of antigen by size before transferring them to a nylon membrane in Western Blotting?
What is used to detect the label that indicates which proteins on the blot were recognized by antibodies in the serum in Western Blotting?
What is used to detect the label that indicates which proteins on the blot were recognized by antibodies in the serum in Western Blotting?
Which technique involves counting and sorting cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies?
Which technique involves counting and sorting cells labeled with fluorescent antibodies?
What creates larger 'mouthfuls' for phagocytic cells in immunoassays involving visible antigen-antibody aggregates?
What creates larger 'mouthfuls' for phagocytic cells in immunoassays involving visible antigen-antibody aggregates?
What is used in passive agglutination when antigens are small?
What is used in passive agglutination when antigens are small?
In precipitation reactions, what can cross-link and form a precipitate?
In precipitation reactions, what can cross-link and form a precipitate?
How are relatively large particles such as cells cross-linked in direct agglutination test (DAT)?
How are relatively large particles such as cells cross-linked in direct agglutination test (DAT)?
How are proper concentrations determined in precipitation reactions?
How are proper concentrations determined in precipitation reactions?
Which vaccine is used against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type B disease?
Which vaccine is used against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type B disease?
Which vaccine was added to the combination vaccine MMRV in late 2018?
Which vaccine was added to the combination vaccine MMRV in late 2018?
Which vaccine contains inactivated viruses of all three types of poliovirus?
Which vaccine contains inactivated viruses of all three types of poliovirus?
Which vaccine is cheaper and induces better mucosal immunity, leading to better herd immunity?
Which vaccine is cheaper and induces better mucosal immunity, leading to better herd immunity?
Which vaccine allows wild poliovirus to replicate in intestines and can be transmitted to others, spreading rapidly?
Which vaccine allows wild poliovirus to replicate in intestines and can be transmitted to others, spreading rapidly?
Which type of polio strain was eradicated in 2015?
Which type of polio strain was eradicated in 2015?
What is the primary purpose of immunotherapies?
What is the primary purpose of immunotherapies?
What do cancer immunotherapies attempt to overcome?
What do cancer immunotherapies attempt to overcome?
Which therapy stimulates the proliferation of T cells?
Which therapy stimulates the proliferation of T cells?
What do checkpoint inhibitors target?
What do checkpoint inhibitors target?
What is the primary purpose of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer treatment?
What is the primary purpose of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in cancer treatment?
What is rituximab primarily used to treat?
What is rituximab primarily used to treat?
What is the basis of many rapid tests?
What is the basis of many rapid tests?
What test uses fluorescence microscopy to locate labeled antibodies bound to antigens?
What test uses fluorescence microscopy to locate labeled antibodies bound to antigens?
Which type of antibodies recognize one epitope on an antigen?
Which type of antibodies recognize one epitope on an antigen?
What is used to treat infectious diseases such as inhalational anthrax, HIV, Ebola, and COVID-19?
What is used to treat infectious diseases such as inhalational anthrax, HIV, Ebola, and COVID-19?
What is the reciprocal of the last dilution that gives a detectable antigen-antibody reaction?
What is the reciprocal of the last dilution that gives a detectable antigen-antibody reaction?
Which test is used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
Which test is used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection?
What type of testing examines a patient’s blood for antibodies to diagnose a disease?
What type of testing examines a patient’s blood for antibodies to diagnose a disease?
What is used to detect antibodies in human blood and serum?
What is used to detect antibodies in human blood and serum?
What converts colorless substrate to a colored product in ELISA?
What converts colorless substrate to a colored product in ELISA?
What do therapeutic antibodies provide?
What do therapeutic antibodies provide?
What do polyclonal antibodies bind to?
What do polyclonal antibodies bind to?
What do immunoassays use as labeled antibodies?
What do immunoassays use as labeled antibodies?
Which type of immunity results from exposure to antigen and involves activated lymphocytes and memory cells?
Which type of immunity results from exposure to antigen and involves activated lymphocytes and memory cells?
What type of immunity comes from the addition of other's antibodies, providing temporary protection without memory cell formation?
What type of immunity comes from the addition of other's antibodies, providing temporary protection without memory cell formation?
What type of vaccines are weakened forms of pathogens that can induce long-lasting immunity but may cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals?
What type of vaccines are weakened forms of pathogens that can induce long-lasting immunity but may cause disease in immunosuppressed individuals?
Which type of vaccines cannot replicate or cause infections, often requiring several booster doses?
Which type of vaccines cannot replicate or cause infections, often requiring several booster doses?
What occurs when a critical portion of the population is immune, preventing the spread of infectious agents?
What occurs when a critical portion of the population is immune, preventing the spread of infectious agents?
What type of immunity occurs during pregnancy and through breast milk?
What type of immunity occurs during pregnancy and through breast milk?
What characteristic should effective vaccines have?
What characteristic should effective vaccines have?
What type of vaccines often require several booster doses?
What type of vaccines often require several booster doses?
Which of the following is NOT a type of inactivated vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT a type of inactivated vaccine?
What has greatly reduced disease incidence but drops in rates have led to disease outbreaks?
What has greatly reduced disease incidence but drops in rates have led to disease outbreaks?
What has led to false beliefs about the risk of vaccination being greater than the risk of diseases?
What has led to false beliefs about the risk of vaccination being greater than the risk of diseases?
What dramatically reduces the incidence of diseases such as diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease, measles, and mumps?
What dramatically reduces the incidence of diseases such as diphtheria, Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease, measles, and mumps?
How does Trastuzumab treat breast cancers with high HER2 expression?
How does Trastuzumab treat breast cancers with high HER2 expression?
What did Kohler and Milstein win a Nobel prize for in 1984?
What did Kohler and Milstein win a Nobel prize for in 1984?
What do conjugated antibodies, e.g., Rituximab conjugated with a cell-damaging molecule, do to cancerous cells?
What do conjugated antibodies, e.g., Rituximab conjugated with a cell-damaging molecule, do to cancerous cells?
How do checkpoint inhibitors function in cancer treatment?
How do checkpoint inhibitors function in cancer treatment?
What is the function of Bi-specific antibodies, e.g., Blinatumomab?
What is the function of Bi-specific antibodies, e.g., Blinatumomab?
How do Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells function in cancer treatment?
How do Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells function in cancer treatment?
What is the target of FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment?
What is the target of FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment?
What do oncolytic viruses do in cancer treatment?
What do oncolytic viruses do in cancer treatment?
What is the function of therapeutic cancer vaccines?
What is the function of therapeutic cancer vaccines?
How do immunotherapies treat autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity?
How do immunotherapies treat autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity?
What is the target of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in cancer treatment?
What is the target of Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in cancer treatment?
Study Notes
Immunotherapy in Cancer and Immunological Disorders
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target B cells by binding to CD20, marking them for destruction
- Some mAbs interfere with growth factors necessary for cancer cell proliferation
- Trastuzumab treats breast cancers with high HER2 expression by interfering with cancer cell growth
- Conjugated antibodies deliver toxins to cancerous cells, e.g., Rituximab conjugated with a cell-damaging molecule destroys B cells
- Bi-specific antibodies have two antigen-binding sites, e.g., Blinatumomab treats acute lymphocytic leukemias
- Checkpoint inhibitors interfere with immune checkpoints, allowing the immune system to attack cancer cells
- FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors are mAbs that block the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the CTLA-4 pathway
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells are genetically engineered to recognize and destroy cells with specific epitopes
- FDA-approved oncolytic viruses directly destroy cancerous cells and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines, e.g., for prostate cancer, expose leukocytes to genetically engineered proteins to activate T cells
- Immunotherapies treat autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity by suppressing immune responses, targeting T or B cells, or inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines
- Kohler and Milstein won a Nobel prize in 1984 for their work on monoclonal antibodies
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Description
Test your knowledge of immunotherapy in cancer and immunological disorders with this quiz. Explore topics such as monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T cells, oncolytic viruses, and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Learn how these therapies target cancer cells and modulate immune responses in various conditions.
