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What is crucial for effective seizure management?
What is crucial for effective seizure management?
Which medications can be used as the drug of choice for status epilepticus?
Which medications can be used as the drug of choice for status epilepticus?
What is a benefit of Phenobarbital?
What is a benefit of Phenobarbital?
What happens with Carbamazepine therapy due to autoinduction?
What happens with Carbamazepine therapy due to autoinduction?
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How is Methotrexate administered to reduce medication errors?
How is Methotrexate administered to reduce medication errors?
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What is a known adverse effect of Methotrexate?
What is a known adverse effect of Methotrexate?
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What should be avoided during AED therapy due to risk of severe sedation?
What should be avoided during AED therapy due to risk of severe sedation?
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What is the administration route for Etanercept?
What is the administration route for Etanercept?
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What is the primary use of Filgrastim?
What is the primary use of Filgrastim?
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What should be monitored in adolescents taking Atomoxetine?
What should be monitored in adolescents taking Atomoxetine?
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What is the primary purpose of immunosuppressant medications in organ transplantation?
What is the primary purpose of immunosuppressant medications in organ transplantation?
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What significant interaction should be monitored with cyclosporine?
What significant interaction should be monitored with cyclosporine?
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What symptom indicates capillary leak syndrome?
What symptom indicates capillary leak syndrome?
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When should colony-stimulating factor be administered after chemotherapy?
When should colony-stimulating factor be administered after chemotherapy?
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What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin)?
What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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Which adverse effect is commonly associated with filgrastim (Neupogen)?
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with filgrastim (Neupogen)?
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What is a key characteristic of monoclonal antibodies in treatment?
What is a key characteristic of monoclonal antibodies in treatment?
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What safety measure is vital when administering intravenous phenytoin?
What safety measure is vital when administering intravenous phenytoin?
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What action should be taken if a patient taking immunosuppressants experiences signs of organ rejection?
What action should be taken if a patient taking immunosuppressants experiences signs of organ rejection?
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What mechanism of action does cyclosporine have in preventing organ rejection?
What mechanism of action does cyclosporine have in preventing organ rejection?
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Immunosuppressant medications are used to enhance the immune system.
Immunosuppressant medications are used to enhance the immune system.
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Which of the following drugs are commonly used as immunosuppressants? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following drugs are commonly used as immunosuppressants? (Select all that apply)
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Cyclosporine Sandimmune is not interchangeable with cyclosporine-modified products.
Cyclosporine Sandimmune is not interchangeable with cyclosporine-modified products.
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Which immunosuppressant drug stimulates neutrophil production for immunocompromised patients?
Which immunosuppressant drug stimulates neutrophil production for immunocompromised patients?
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What is a primary indicator for monitoring the effectiveness of Filgrastim (Neupogen)?
What is a primary indicator for monitoring the effectiveness of Filgrastim (Neupogen)?
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What is the purpose of Oprelvekin (Neumega)?
What is the purpose of Oprelvekin (Neumega)?
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What is Oprelvekin (Neumega) used to treat?
What is Oprelvekin (Neumega) used to treat?
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What drug treatment causes Capillary Leak Syndrome?
What drug treatment causes Capillary Leak Syndrome?
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What is an adverse reaction associated with monoclonal antibodies, requiring premedication corticosteroids (e.g. methylprednisolone)?
What is an adverse reaction associated with monoclonal antibodies, requiring premedication corticosteroids (e.g. methylprednisolone)?
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What are some uses of monoclonal antibodies? (Select all that apply)
What are some uses of monoclonal antibodies? (Select all that apply)
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What is a toxicity sign of Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
What is a toxicity sign of Phenytoin (Dilantin)?
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What should be monitored while a patient is on Methotrexate? (Select all that apply)
What should be monitored while a patient is on Methotrexate? (Select all that apply)
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Etanercept (Enbrel) requires rotating injection sites to minimize irritation.
Etanercept (Enbrel) requires rotating injection sites to minimize irritation.
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Aldesleukin (IL-2) combined with antihypertensive medications may lead to which adverse effect?
Aldesleukin (IL-2) combined with antihypertensive medications may lead to which adverse effect?
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What is Adalimumab (Humira) used to treat? (Select all that apply)
What is Adalimumab (Humira) used to treat? (Select all that apply)
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What is the primary use of Atomoxetine (Strattera)?
What is the primary use of Atomoxetine (Strattera)?
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What is Sumatriptan (Imitrex) used to treat?
What is Sumatriptan (Imitrex) used to treat?
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What adverse effect should be monitored when administering Sumatriptan (Imitrex)?
What adverse effect should be monitored when administering Sumatriptan (Imitrex)?
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Narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs are drugs where small differences in dose or blood concentration may lead to drug toxicity or therapeutic failure.
Narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs are drugs where small differences in dose or blood concentration may lead to drug toxicity or therapeutic failure.
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Which medication interferes with tumor necrosis factor?
Which medication interferes with tumor necrosis factor?
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What is a common side effect to monitor for when using Cyclosporine?
What is a common side effect to monitor for when using Cyclosporine?
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Epoetin alfa (Epogen) is primarily classified as what type of medication?
Epoetin alfa (Epogen) is primarily classified as what type of medication?
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What is Phentermine (Ionamin) used for?
What is Phentermine (Ionamin) used for?
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Modafinil (Provigil) is used to treat which of the following conditions?
Modafinil (Provigil) is used to treat which of the following conditions?
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Which of the following are contraindications or cautions for the use of immunosuppressant drugs? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are contraindications or cautions for the use of immunosuppressant drugs? (Select all that apply)
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Which medication is typically dosed once a day?
Which medication is typically dosed once a day?
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What is included in the baseline assessment for methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
What is included in the baseline assessment for methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
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What side effect should we monitor for when using methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
What side effect should we monitor for when using methylphenidate (Ritalin)?
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What side effects should we monitor for when using triptan injectables? (Select all that apply)
What side effects should we monitor for when using triptan injectables? (Select all that apply)
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Which medication is used to treat respiratory depression in neonatal and postoperative patients?
Which medication is used to treat respiratory depression in neonatal and postoperative patients?
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Study Notes
Immunosuppressant Medications
- Immunosuppressant medications suppress T-lymphocytes, crucial in organ transplantation to prevent rejection.
- Cyclosporine prevents organ rejection by inhibiting the production of IL-2 and T-cell activation.
- Grapefruit juice significantly increases cyclosporine levels (20-200%), increasing the risk of toxicity.
- Cyclosporine is not interchangeable with other cyclosporine-modified products (e.g., Neoral).
- Filgrastim (Neupogen) increases neutrophil production to combat infection in immunosuppressed patients.
- Adverse effects of Filgrastim can include bone pain from marrow stimulation.
- Oprelvekin (Neumega) stimulates platelet production from megakaryocytes, useful for chemotherapy-induced low platelet counts.
- Administer colony-stimulating factors 24 hours after chemotherapy to avoid interference with treatment.
- Capillary leak syndrome involves sudden weight gain (e.g., 15 pounds) and fluid retention, potentially linked to Interleukin therapy.
- Monoclonal antibodies target specific cells to treat cancer, transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory diseases.
Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)
- Phenytoin (Dilantin) has a narrow therapeutic index (10-20 mcg/mL), a small difference between safe and toxic levels.
- Phenytoin toxicity leads to CNS depression and lethargy at levels above 20 mcg/mL.
- Intravenous phenytoin should be mixed with normal saline to prevent bradycardia.
- Maintaining consistent drug dosing is essential in seizure management; inconsistent dosing can lead to withdrawal seizures.
- Diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) are the drugs of choice for status epilepticus.
- Phenobarbital (Luminal) has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing.
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol) autoinduces, resulting in lower than expected drug concentrations (requiring dosage adjustments in 2 months).
Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments
- Methotrexate is administered weekly to reduce medication errors and can have adverse effects like bone marrow suppression.
- Monitoring for infection, anemia, and bleeding tendencies is necessary with methotrexate.
- Etanercept (Enbrel) is administered subcutaneously, rotating injection sites to minimize irritation.
- Avoid grapefruit juice when taking cyclosporine or other drugs that can be affected by this interaction.
- Concomitant use of aldesleukin (IL-2) and antihypertensives can lead to significant hypotension.
- Avoid alcohol during AED use to lessen severe sedation and related toxicity problems.
Special Drug Indications
- Filgrastim (Neupogen) increases neutrophils, useful after chemotherapy to fight infection.
- Adalimumab (Humira) is prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
- Atomoxetine (Strattera) is indicated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with potential warnings for depression or suicidal thoughts in adolescents.
- Sumatriptan (Imitrex) is used for acute migraine relief, but may cause chest pain due to vasoconstriction.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to immunosuppressant medications, including their mechanisms, uses in organ transplantation, and interactions with substances like grapefruit juice. Additionally, it discusses the roles of drugs like Filgrastim and Oprelvekin in managing side effects of chemotherapy. Test your knowledge on these vital medications!
