Immunology Workbook Activities
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Questions and Answers

Which antibody class is referred to as the "antiseptic paint" of mucous membranes?

  • IgE
  • IgG
  • IgD
  • IgA (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a location where IgA can be found?

  • Bloodstream (correct)
  • Saliva
  • Respiratory tract
  • Digestive system

Which antibody class is the most prevalent in the blood?

  • IgA
  • IgD
  • IgG (correct)
  • IgM

What is the primary function of phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils?

<p>Engulf and digest pathogens and debris (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is mainly involved in allergic reactions?

<p>IgE (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the complement system is TRUE?

<p>It can be activated by certain antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between secretory IgA and serum IgA?

<p>Secretory IgA can activate the complement system, while serum IgA cannot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of all antibody classes?

<p>Ability to activate the complement system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?

<p>B cells (A), T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of surface receptors on immature T cells and B cells?

<p>To recognize and bind to specific antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are immature T cells and B cells activated?

<p>By the presence of specific antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of the activation of immature T cells and B cells?

<p>Differentiation into mature lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the adaptive immune response in the body?

<p>To provide a slow and specific defense against specific pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a key characteristic of the adaptive immune response?

<p>The presence of memory cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cell types are responsible for mediating the adaptive immune response?

<p>T cells and B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to mature T cells and B cells after they are activated?

<p>They undergo further differentiation and proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Dendritic cells is TRUE?

<p>They are the most potent type of antigen-presenting cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Dendritic cells typically found?

<p>In the skin and mucous membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Dendritic cells?

<p>Secrete antibodies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Dendritic cells in the immune system?

<p>Presenting antigens to T cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are Dendritic cells derived from?

<p>Monocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Dendritic cells bridging between innate and adaptive immunity?

<p>They allow for a faster and more targeted response to infections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are characteristics of Dendritic cells?

<p>They are considered to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of dendritic cells in the context of adaptive immunity?

<p>They act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the complement system pathways?

<p>Antibody Pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PMNs (Polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of ______.

<p>White Blood Cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a PMN?

<p>Macrophage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The complement system is part of which immune response?

<p>Innate Immune Response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of PMNs?

<p>Phagocytose and kill pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the first session, 'Introduction to Immunology'?

<p>To complete tasks in a self-directed manner, working through PowerPoint slides and following the instructions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the link provided to the research article, 'An introduction to immunology and immunopathology' by Jean S. Marshall et al. (2018)?

<p>To guide students in completing the first part of the workbook, up to the section 'Antibody-mediated vs. cell-mediated immunity'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main intention of the note-taking advice provided in the workbook?

<p>To ensure students understand the material and can effectively retain the information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are intended learning outcomes of the Immunology workbook?

<p>Describe the natural defense systems of the body and differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity. (A), Define immunology and recognize the terminology associated with it. (B), Recognize and list the cells of the non-specific and adaptive immune systems. (C), Identify the components and functions of the non-specific (innate) and adaptive (acquired) immune systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the provided link to the InformedHealth.org website, 'What are the organs of the immune system?'?

<p>To guide students in creating their own notes, spider diagrams or memory maps on the organs and tissues of the immune system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for students to complete the workbook and have their notes prepared for the next session?

<p>To ensure they have adequately grasped the concepts covered in the current session and can effectively participate in the following session. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should students record and review the terminology associated with immunology encountered during the course?

<p>In the workbook, under 'Worksheet 1' labeled 'terminology associated with immunology'. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name for the cells that degranulate, releasing enzymes, growth factors, and cytokines?

<p>Granulocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granulocyte plays a significant role in allergic reactions and parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of basophils?

<p>Release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these cells are part of the innate immune system?

<p>Granulocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of degranulation in immune cells?

<p>Release of cytotoxic substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of neutrophils?

<p>They release histamine during allergic reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do eosinophils contribute to the immune response?

<p>By directly attacking and killing parasitic invaders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are NOT considered as granulocytes?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of basophil-released heparin in the immune response?

<p>It promotes the mobilization of other white blood cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of granulocyte is responsible for the release of histamine, a key player in allergic reactions?

<p>Basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of granulocytes?

<p>Production of antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the granules of granulocytes contribute to their function in the immune system?

<p>They contain digestive enzymes that help break down pathogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between basophils and allergic reactions?

<p>Basophils release histamine, which exacerbates allergic symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do eosinophils differ from neutrophils in their primary function?

<p>Eosinophils primarily target parasites, while neutrophils focus on bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of degranulation in neutrophils?

<p>To engulf and break down pathogens by releasing digestive enzymes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the role of eosinophils in allergic reactions?

<p>Eosinophils contribute to the late-phase allergic reaction, contributing to inflammation and tissue damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are dendritic cells?

Dendritic cells are immune cells that act as messengers between innate and adaptive immunity. They are found in the skin and mucous membranes.

What is the role of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Dendritic cells capture and process antigens, then present them to other immune cells to activate an immune response.

Where do dendritic cells come from?

Dendritic cells are derived from monocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Why are dendritic cells considered the most potent antigen-presenting cells?

Dendritic cells are the most potent type of antigen-presenting cells, meaning they are very good at activating the immune response.

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How do dendritic cells regulate the immune system?

Dendritic cells play a key role in regulating the immune system by switching between innate and adaptive immunity.

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Complement System

A part of the innate immune system that works to fight off infections. It activates a cascade of reactions that lead to inflammation and destruction of pathogens.

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Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMNs)

A type of white blood cell (WBC) that plays a key role in the innate immune system. They are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

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Classical Complement Pathway

One of three pathways of the complement system that is activated by the binding of antibodies to antigens.

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Alternative Complement Pathway

One of three pathways of the complement system. This pathway is activated by the direct interaction of the complement proteins with the surface of pathogens.

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Lectin Pathway

One of three pathways of the complement system that is activated by the binding of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) to the surface of pathogens.

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Antibodies

Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells that identify and neutralize antigens.

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Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

A type of antibody found in various bodily fluids, providing protection against infections.

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Secretory IgA

IgA present in secretions like saliva, tears, and breast milk.

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Serum IgA

IgA found in blood serum.

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Phagocytes

A group of white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens and cellular debris.

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Macrophages

A type of phagocyte that engulfs and digests pathogens and debris.

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Neutrophils

A type of phagocyte involved in the early stages of the immune response.

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What is immunology?

The study of the body's defense mechanisms against disease-causing pathogens. It investigates the immune system's components, functions, and interactions, and its role in maintaining health.

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What is the immune system?

A complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against pathogens, toxins, and abnormal cells. It consists of innate and adaptive immune systems.

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What is innate immunity?

Also known as natural immunity. This system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens. It's rapid and non-specific, meaning it acts against a wide range of invaders without prior exposure.

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What is adaptive immunity?

Also known as acquired immunity. This system develops over time, after encountering specific pathogens through exposure or vaccination. It's slower than innate immunity but highly specific and remembers past invaders to mount a faster response.

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What are immune cells?

Specialized cells that recognize and destroy pathogens. They are key components of both the innate and adaptive immune systems.

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What are the organs of the immune system?

The organs and tissues that support the immune system by generating, housing, and coordinating immune cells. They include bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and others.

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Surface receptors

Specialized proteins found on the surface of immune cells that recognize and bind to specific molecules, triggering an immune response.

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Immune response activation

The process by which immune cells are activated and mature into functional cells capable of responding to pathogens.

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T cells

A type of immune cell that plays a key role in activating other immune cells, particularly B cells.

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B cells

A type of immune cell that produces antibodies, which are proteins that target and neutralize specific pathogens.

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Adaptive immunity

The ability of the immune system to adapt and respond effectively to new pathogens.

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Innate immunity

The initial response to a pathogen, which is often slower and less specific but buys time for a stronger adaptive response to develop.

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B cell differentiation

The process by which B cells differentiate into cells that produce antibodies.

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Immunity

The state of being resistant to a particular disease.

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Degranulation

A process where neutrophils release bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxides, to kill bacteria.

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Eosinophil

A type of WBC that is part of the innate immune system, responsible for fighting parasites and allergic reactions.

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Basophil

A type of WBC that is part of the innate immune system, responsible for allergic reactions, inflammation, and releasing histamine.

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Granulopoiesis

The process by which granulocytes, like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, are produced.

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Myeloblast

A group of stem cells that can differentiate into various types of WBCs, including granulocytes.

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Granulocyte

A type of WBC that can differentiate into many different cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

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Polymorphnuclear (PMN)

The ability of a neutrophil to kill multiple bacteria simultaneously.

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Allergic reaction

A type of reaction involving an immune response to a non-harmful substance.

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Histamine

A chemical released by basophils that is known to cause inflammation.

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Cytokines

Substances that cause inflammation and contribute to allergic reactions.

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Heparin

A chemical released by basophils that is a blood thinner.

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Mobilization

The tendency of neutrophils to migrate to areas of inflammation.

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Study Notes

Immunology Workbook

  • The workbook is used with sessions on immunology
  • The first session is designed to be self-directed
  • Tasks are completed using slides, instructions, and links to documents and research articles
  • Use various methods of note-taking, such as spider diagrams, pictures, and tables
  • Complete notes are needed for the next session to consolidate knowledge
  • The workbook is required to achieve intended learning outcomes

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • Define immunology and related terminology
  • Describe the body's natural defense systems
  • Identify and understand functions of the non-specific (innate) and adaptive (acquired) immune systems
  • Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity
  • Recognize and list cells of both immune systems

Workbook Tasks (Page 3)

  • Read the article on antibody-mediated vs. cell-mediated immunity (15 minutes)
  • Create notes/diagram/map on the organs and tissues of the immune system (15 minutes)

Key Functions of Organs and Tissues

  • Central Organs: Produce mature immune cells (bone marrow produces B cells, thymus produces T cells)
  • Peripheral Organs: Activation sites for immune cells to encounter antigens, filtering lymph/blood (lymph nodes and spleen)
  • Mucosal Surfaces: Protect entry points with specialized tissues (MALT, GALT, BALT)
  • Other related tissues: includes Appendix, skin, liver, tonsils, adenoids, Peyer's patches

Worksheet 1 (Page 5)

  • Term Meaning/Definition Example
  • Microbe- Microorganism (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa) - E. coli
  • Antigen - Induces immune response (recognised by antibodies/T cells) - Pathogens/toxins
  • Cytokine - Proteins involved in immune response - Interleukins, interferons
  • Antibody/Immunoglobulin - Proteins produced by B cells, recognise/neutralise antigens - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

Worksheet 2 (Page 7)

  • Term Meaning/Definition Example
  • Antigen Presenting cell - Process and presents antigens to T cells - Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells
  • Complement system - Part of innate immunity, roles in host defense and inflammation - 3 pathways: Classical, Alternative, Lectin
  • PMNs/Polymorphonuclear leukocytes - White blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)

Cells of the Immune System (Page 8-9)

  • Specific immune cells, their origin and functions, targets, and whether they originate from myeloid or lymphoid stem cells.
  • Examples:
    • Macrophages
    • Neutrophils
    • Eosinophils
    • Mast cells
    • Basophils
    • Dendritic cells
    • Lymphocytes
    • T cells
    • B cells

Task 3: Distinctions between Innate and Adaptive Immunity (Page 12)

  • Comparison table of innate and adaptive immunity: specific/non-specific, time response, antigen dependence, memory

Barriers of the Innate Immune System (Page 13-14)

  • Description: Physical, physiological, chemical and phagocytic barriers
  • Mechanism: Actions of barriers
  • Example: Examples of barriers and their actions
  • Oral Cavity Barriers: Relevant barriers in the mouth noted

Inflammatory Barriers (Page 14)

  • Description: Describes recruitment, chemical releases and histamine release

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Related Documents

Immunology Workbook PDF

Description

This workbook is designed for self-directed sessions in immunology, focusing on understanding and consolidating knowledge about the immune system. Tasks include reading articles, creating diagrams, and differentiating between innate and adaptive immunity to achieve key learning outcomes.

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