18.2

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Present normal self-antigens to Effector t cell
Present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells
Signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell
Both A and B (correct)

Which cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Mature red blood cells
All nucleated cells
Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (correct)
T cells

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

Signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell
Present normal self-antigens only
Present abnormal or nonself pathogens to T cells (correct)
Both B and C

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC I and MHC II (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

Contain antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals fuse with the phagosome to create a phagolysosome. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the top of the molecule (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Dendritic cells and not macrophages to phases or B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of pathogen by phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC 1 has 3 alpha protein chain coupled with a smaller beta micro globular protein and MHC 2 has 2 alpha and 2 beta protein chains the cleft for MHC 1 is made from alpha and the cleft from beta is made from beta and alpha (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

Destroy infected cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Present antigens to MHC molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and destroy infected cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' (or outermost) portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

When antigens are brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II, but the antigen is presented on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What types of antigens do MHC I molecules present on the cell surface?

Both normal self-antigens and abnormal or nonself pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What types of antigens do MHC II molecules present on the cell surface?

Only abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to immunodominant epitopes after they have been processed in antigen processing?

They are translocated to the cell surface of the dendritic cell for presentation to T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells while MHC II molecules are only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

All nucleated cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To fuse with the phagosome to create a phagolysosome where degradation of the pathogen for antigen processing begins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The presentation of antigens on MHC I molecules for CD8 T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Recognition and attachment of dendritic cell to a pathogen cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal “self” cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the “top” (or outermost) portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present normal self-antigens as well as abnormal or nonself pathogens to the effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules in cellular immunity?

They signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to the effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

All nucleated cells of the body except mature red blood cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are MHC II molecules found?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

Their structures are quite different (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

They contain antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The presentation of antigen on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

The internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules in adaptive immunity?

They present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

They destroy infected cells and pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

They present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

The top portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do MHC II molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

Their structures are quite different (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

Destroy infected cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The utilization of MHC I molecules for presentation on the cell surface (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the phagolysosome?

Antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do MHC I molecules present on the cell surface if a cell becomes infected with an intracellular pathogen?

Abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

Degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' or outermost portion of the MHC dimer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals contained within the lysosomes?

Degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have MHC I molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells except mature red blood cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC II and MHC I (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the 'bottom' portion of the MHC-I dimer, while MHC II molecules have the cleft near the 'top' portion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' portion of the MHC-II dimer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and kill infected cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells except mature red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The utilization of mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II, but the antigen is presented on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells, while MHC II molecules are only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

All nucleated cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules present normal self-antigens as well as abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

MHC I molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC I and MHC II (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present normal self-antigens as well as abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

To present normal self-antigens as well as abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present normal self-antigens and abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells?

All nucleated cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells, while MHC II molecules are only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

A mechanism used by dendritic cells to present antigens on MHC I molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To create a phagosome where degradation of the pathogen for antigen processing begins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Recognition and attachment of a dendritic cell to a pathogen cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To destroy infected cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of macrophages in antigen presentation?

To phagocytose pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Mature red blood cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the top portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in antigen presentation?

To produce antibodies against pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells while MHC II molecules are only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

The top portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC I and MHC II (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To attack and destroy cells infected with intracellular pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells except mature red blood cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the 'top' (or outermost) portion of the molecule while MHC II molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the 'bottom' (or innermost) portion of the molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells, while MHC II molecules present normal self-antigens. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To contain antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals for degradation of the pathogen for antigen processing (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The utilization of MHC I molecules to present antigens brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To release cytokines and perform cytotoxic functions against infected cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in presenting abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

The top portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Dendritic cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells of the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present antigens using MHC II molecules?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the 'bottom' portion of the molecule, while MHC II molecules have it near the 'top' portion (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation in antigen processing?

The presentation of antigens on MHC I molecules by dendritic cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What cells utilize cross-presentation in antigen processing?

Only dendritic cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules in antigen presentation?

To present self-antigens to effector T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of a pathogen by phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To degrade pathogens for antigen processing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the antigen-binding cleft of MHC II molecules?

Abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the antigen-binding cleft of MHC I molecules?

Abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and destroy infected cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

Present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for initial activation of T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present antigens to effector T cells using MHC I molecules?

All nucleated cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present antigens for the initial activation of T cells using MHC II molecules?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC II molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the 'top' portion of the molecule, while MHC I molecules do not have a cleft (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when antigens are brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II, but the antigen is presented on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells?

Cross-presentation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

Contain antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals for degradation of the pathogen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' portion of the molecule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

Destroy infected cells bearing abnormal MHC I molecules (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

To present both normal self-antigens and abnormal/nonself pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC II molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins, while MHC I molecules are not (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

The pathogen is internalized by phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To recognize and kill infected cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present antigens to MHC molecules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To fuse with the phagosome and create a phagolysosome for antigen processing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

Presentation of antigens on MHC I molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the top (or outermost) portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To present normal self-antigens only (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in adaptive immunity?

To produce antibodies against pathogens (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules on normal, healthy, nucleated cells?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity, while MHC II molecules present normal self-antigens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

The presentation of antigens on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells when the intracellular pathogen does not directly infect antigen-presenting cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about MHC molecules?

They are found on all cells except red blood cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about MHC I molecules?

They present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about MHC II molecules?

They present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the structure of MHC molecules?

MHC molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site near the outermost portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To contain antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals that fuse with the phagosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-presentation?

A mechanism by which antigens are presented on MHC I molecules for CD8 T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to processed antigens after they associate within the antigen-binding cleft of MHC II molecules?

They are translocated to the cell surface of dendritic cells for presentation to T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To present normal self-antigens only (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To eliminate infected cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Present normal self-antigens to T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Present antigens to T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC II molecules have a cleft that serves as the antigen-binding site (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

The pathogen is internalized by phagocytosis and is initially contained within a phagosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

Kill infected cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

Degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC I and MHC II (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

Present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

The top portion of the MHC dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

Present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for initial activation of T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

Both are transmembrane glycoproteins that assemble as dimers in the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, but their structures are quite different (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Phagocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Dendritic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

Destroy infected cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for initial activation of T cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

Degrade the pathogen for antigen processing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

MHC I and MHC II (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

All nucleated cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

To present both normal self-antigens and abnormal or nonself pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the distribution of MHC I and MHC II molecules in the body?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells, while MHC II molecules are found only on macrophages (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules on normal, healthy, nucleated cells?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' or outermost portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cross-presentation?

Antigens are brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II, but the antigen is presented on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To create a phagolysosome where degradation of the pathogen for antigen processing begins (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Only dendritic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and destroy infected cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present both normal self-antigens and abnormal or nonself pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of MHC molecules?

MHC I and MHC II molecules have different structures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in adaptive immunity?

To present both normal self-antigens and abnormal or nonself pathogens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules in adaptive immunity?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in distribution of MHC I and MHC II molecules in the body?

MHC I molecules are found on all nucleated cells, while MHC II molecules are only found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules on normal, healthy, nucleated cells?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells present processed antigens on MHC II molecules for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To degrade pathogens for antigen processing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cross-presentation?

When antigens are brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC II, but the antigen is presented on an MHC I molecule for CD8 T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC molecules in cellular immunity?

To signal to the immune system that the cell is a normal 'self' cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of MHC molecules?

Both MHC I and MHC II molecules are transmembrane glycoproteins that assemble as dimers in the cytoplasmic membrane of cells, but their structures are quite different (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of antigen processing?

When antigens are brought into the APC by mechanisms normally leading to presentation with MHC I, but the antigen is presented on an MHC II molecule for CD4 T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

Red blood cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and kill infected cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

MHC I molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogens to effector T cells, while MHC II molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cross-presentation in antigen processing?

To present antigens on MHC I molecules for CD8 T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Internalization of the pathogen by phagocytosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

To create a phagolysosome where degradation of the pathogen for antigen processing begins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do MHC I molecules signal to the immune system?

That the cell is a normal 'self' cell (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Near the 'top' (or outermost) portion of the MHC-I or MHC-II dimer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

To directly attack and destroy infected cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

To present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

To present normal self-antigens to effector T cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

18.2

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

Which cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

What type of cells have MHC II molecules on their surface?

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

What is cross-presentation?

What types of antigens do MHC I molecules present on the cell surface?

What types of antigens do MHC II molecules present on the cell surface?

What happens to immunodominant epitopes after they have been processed in antigen processing?

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens for the initial activation of T cells?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is cross-presentation?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

What is the function of MHC I molecules in cellular immunity?

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to the effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

Where are MHC II molecules found?

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is cross-presentation?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

What is the function of MHC II molecules in adaptive immunity?

What cells utilize cross-presentation?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

Which cells do MHC II molecules present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to?

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is cross-presentation?

What is contained within the phagolysosome?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

What do MHC I molecules present on the cell surface if a cell becomes infected with an intracellular pathogen?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

What is the function of antimicrobial enzymes and chemicals contained within the lysosomes?

Which cells have MHC I molecules on their surface?

What is the function of MHC I molecules?

What is the function of MHC II molecules?

What are the two classes of MHC molecules involved in adaptive immunity?

What is the difference in structure between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

What is the antigen-binding site on MHC molecules?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

What is the function of effector T cells in cellular immunity?

What is the function of dendritic cells in antigen presentation?

Which cells do not have MHC II molecules on their surface?

What is cross-presentation?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?

What is the difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules?

Which cells present abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to effector T cells involved in cellular immunity?

What is the initial step in antigen processing?

Which cells utilize cross-presentation?

What is the function of lysosomes in antigen processing?