Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one method by which a cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected cell?
What is one method by which a cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected cell?
- Granul exocytosis to cause cell lysis (correct)
- Releasing cytokines to enhance immune response
- Producing antibodies to neutralize toxins
- Phagocytosis of the infected cell by macrophages
Which proteins are involved in the complement system?
Which proteins are involved in the complement system?
- C2–C12
- C1–C9 (correct)
- C0–C8
- D1–D9
What function does a product of the complement cascade NOT perform?
What function does a product of the complement cascade NOT perform?
- Antibody production (correct)
- Opsonization
- Destroying pathogens
- Triggering inflammation
What characteristic defines antibodies?
What characteristic defines antibodies?
Which function do antibodies serve in the immune system?
Which function do antibodies serve in the immune system?
Which pathway is NOT a way the complement system can be triggered?
Which pathway is NOT a way the complement system can be triggered?
Where are B cells primarily stored?
Where are B cells primarily stored?
What triggers apoptosis in an infected cell by a cytotoxic T cell?
What triggers apoptosis in an infected cell by a cytotoxic T cell?
How do antibodies prevent the action of viruses?
How do antibodies prevent the action of viruses?
What role do dendritic cells play in the adaptive immune response?
What role do dendritic cells play in the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?
Which cells are activated by T helper cells to produce antibodies?
Which cells are activated by T helper cells to produce antibodies?
What do cytotoxic T cells do during the immune response?
What do cytotoxic T cells do during the immune response?
What type of T cells do CD4 cells differentiate into?
What type of T cells do CD4 cells differentiate into?
What role do memory B cells play in the immune system?
What role do memory B cells play in the immune system?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the initial immune response?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the initial immune response?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the innate immune response?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the innate immune response?
What are Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What are Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What role do dendritic cells play in the immune response?
What role do dendritic cells play in the immune response?
What happens after macrophages recognize a pathogen?
What happens after macrophages recognize a pathogen?
What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
Which effect is part of the acute phase response?
Which effect is part of the acute phase response?
What contributes to the systemic inflammatory response?
What contributes to the systemic inflammatory response?
What function do opsonins serve in the immune response?
What function do opsonins serve in the immune response?
What is the role of the liver in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of the liver in the inflammatory response?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the acute phase response?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the acute phase response?
Which immune cells are primarily stimulated to release cytokines during inflammation?
Which immune cells are primarily stimulated to release cytokines during inflammation?
How can the severity of inflammation in the body be measured?
How can the severity of inflammation in the body be measured?
Flashcards
Cytotoxic T cell action
Cytotoxic T cell action
Cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells via two mechanisms: granul exocytosis (releasing enzymes to destroy the membrane) & Fas molecule activation (triggering apoptosis).
Plasma cells
Plasma cells
Activated B cells that produce large amounts of a specific antibody, and are therefore antibody factories.
Antibody structure
Antibody structure
Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins with a variable region that recognizes specific antigens and a fixed region recognized by the immune system.
Antibody function: Agglutination
Antibody function: Agglutination
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Antibody function: Opsonization
Antibody function: Opsonization
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Complement System
Complement System
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Complement Cascade
Complement Cascade
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B-cells
B-cells
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Adaptive Immune Response
Adaptive Immune Response
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Antigen-Specific T&B Cells
Antigen-Specific T&B Cells
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Dendritic Cell Function
Dendritic Cell Function
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T Helper Cell Role
T Helper Cell Role
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Antigen Presentation
Antigen Presentation
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Cytokines' Role
Cytokines' Role
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Innate Immune Response
Innate Immune Response
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Macrophage
Macrophage
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PAMPs
PAMPs
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Cytokine Recruitment
Cytokine Recruitment
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Acute Phase Response
Acute Phase Response
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Systemic Inflammatory Response
Systemic Inflammatory Response
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Opsonins
Opsonins
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C-reactive protein (CRP)
C-reactive protein (CRP)
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Measuring Inflammation
Measuring Inflammation
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Innate Immune System
Innate Immune System
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Study Notes
Cytotoxic T Cells
- Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for killing cells that have been infected.
- They bind to the infected cell via the T cell receptor binding to the HLA class 1 molecule on the infected cell.
- This binding triggers two methods of destruction:
- Granul exocytosis: This is where the cytotoxic T cell sprays enzymes that destroy the cell membrane, leading to cell lysis and death.
- Fas molecule activation: The Fas molecule acts as a switch that leads to apoptosis.
Plasma Cells & Antibodies
- Plasma cells are B cells that have differentiated and become antibody-producing cells.
- Their role is to produce large amounts of antibodies specific to the invading pathogen.
- Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins.
- Antibodies are transported around the blood and bind to specific antigens that match their variable region.
Functions of Antibodies
- Act as opsonins: Antibodies may sometimes be difficult for macrophages and neutrophils to recognise, therefore antibodies can act as opsonins.
- Agglutination: Antibodies can clump together pathogens after attaching themselves to them, thus slowing the spread of the pathogen.
- Neutralise toxins: Antibodies can attach themselves to toxins and neutralise their effect.
- Neutralise viruses: Antibodies can attach to receptors on viruses, preventing them from carrying out their function, e.g., stopping viruses from invading cells.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts about Cytotoxic T cells and Plasma cells, highlighting their functions in the immune response. You'll learn about the mechanisms of action for cytotoxic T cells and the role of antibodies produced by plasma cells. Test your knowledge of this essential area of immunology.
