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Questions and Answers
What is one method by which a cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected cell?
What is one method by which a cytotoxic T cell destroys an infected cell?
Which proteins are involved in the complement system?
Which proteins are involved in the complement system?
What function does a product of the complement cascade NOT perform?
What function does a product of the complement cascade NOT perform?
What characteristic defines antibodies?
What characteristic defines antibodies?
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Which function do antibodies serve in the immune system?
Which function do antibodies serve in the immune system?
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Which pathway is NOT a way the complement system can be triggered?
Which pathway is NOT a way the complement system can be triggered?
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Where are B cells primarily stored?
Where are B cells primarily stored?
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What triggers apoptosis in an infected cell by a cytotoxic T cell?
What triggers apoptosis in an infected cell by a cytotoxic T cell?
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How do antibodies prevent the action of viruses?
How do antibodies prevent the action of viruses?
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What role do dendritic cells play in the adaptive immune response?
What role do dendritic cells play in the adaptive immune response?
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What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the adaptive immune response?
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Which cells are activated by T helper cells to produce antibodies?
Which cells are activated by T helper cells to produce antibodies?
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What do cytotoxic T cells do during the immune response?
What do cytotoxic T cells do during the immune response?
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What type of T cells do CD4 cells differentiate into?
What type of T cells do CD4 cells differentiate into?
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What role do memory B cells play in the immune system?
What role do memory B cells play in the immune system?
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What is the primary function of macrophages in the initial immune response?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the initial immune response?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the innate immune response?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the innate immune response?
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What are Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What are Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
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What role do dendritic cells play in the immune response?
What role do dendritic cells play in the immune response?
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What happens after macrophages recognize a pathogen?
What happens after macrophages recognize a pathogen?
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What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
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Which effect is part of the acute phase response?
Which effect is part of the acute phase response?
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What contributes to the systemic inflammatory response?
What contributes to the systemic inflammatory response?
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What function do opsonins serve in the immune response?
What function do opsonins serve in the immune response?
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What is the role of the liver in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of the liver in the inflammatory response?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the acute phase response?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of the acute phase response?
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Which immune cells are primarily stimulated to release cytokines during inflammation?
Which immune cells are primarily stimulated to release cytokines during inflammation?
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How can the severity of inflammation in the body be measured?
How can the severity of inflammation in the body be measured?
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Study Notes
Cytotoxic T Cells
- Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for killing cells that have been infected.
- They bind to the infected cell via the T cell receptor binding to the HLA class 1 molecule on the infected cell.
- This binding triggers two methods of destruction:
- Granul exocytosis: This is where the cytotoxic T cell sprays enzymes that destroy the cell membrane, leading to cell lysis and death.
- Fas molecule activation: The Fas molecule acts as a switch that leads to apoptosis.
Plasma Cells & Antibodies
- Plasma cells are B cells that have differentiated and become antibody-producing cells.
- Their role is to produce large amounts of antibodies specific to the invading pathogen.
- Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins.
- Antibodies are transported around the blood and bind to specific antigens that match their variable region.
Functions of Antibodies
- Act as opsonins: Antibodies may sometimes be difficult for macrophages and neutrophils to recognise, therefore antibodies can act as opsonins.
- Agglutination: Antibodies can clump together pathogens after attaching themselves to them, thus slowing the spread of the pathogen.
- Neutralise toxins: Antibodies can attach themselves to toxins and neutralise their effect.
- Neutralise viruses: Antibodies can attach to receptors on viruses, preventing them from carrying out their function, e.g., stopping viruses from invading cells.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts about Cytotoxic T cells and Plasma cells, highlighting their functions in the immune response. You'll learn about the mechanisms of action for cytotoxic T cells and the role of antibodies produced by plasma cells. Test your knowledge of this essential area of immunology.
