Immunology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the focus of Lecture 16?

  • Nutrient uptake
  • Innate immune response
  • Adaptive immune response & Bioassays (correct)
  • Cell Culture Laboratory

    • Which lecture provides a recap of contamination control?

  • Lecture 3
  • Lecture 5 (correct)
  • Lecture 4
  • Lecture 2

    • How does the adaptive immune system primarily differ from the innate immune system?

  • It does not require previous exposure to a pathogen.
  • It involves only macrophages.
  • It is faster and has immediate responses.
  • It is specific to pathogens and has memory. (correct)

    • Which lectures recap the concepts from Lectures 12, 13, and 14?

    <p>Lecture 11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the goals of the adaptive immune system discussed in the overview?

    <p>To define adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are associated with cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which week is the overview lecture of the Immune System scheduled?

    <p>Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of adaptive immunity?

    <p>It develops after exposure to a specific antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the development of your own antibodies?

    <p>Active Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which T-cell type helps in the maturation of B cells?

    <p>CD4+ Helper Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does passive immunity primarily involve?

    <p>Antibodies produced elsewhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes memory T cells?

    <p>They can rapidly expand upon re-exposure to an antigen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following descriptions fits humoral immunity?

    <p>Mediated by antibodies produced by B cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does active immunity occur?

    <p>Through vaccination or natural exposure to antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of CD8+ Cytotoxic Cells primarily involves which function?

    <p>Causing lysis of virus-infected and tumor cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes natural killer T cells from other T cells?

    <p>They can recognize a broader range of antigen classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when T-cells are activated by antigens?

    <p>Antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of MHC protein is found on all nucleated cells?

    <p>MHC Class-I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells present MHC Class-II proteins?

    <p>Antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of a Cytotoxic T-Cell response?

    <p>Antigen recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do activated cytotoxic T-cells primarily do?

    <p>Recognize and eliminate infected cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after T-cells are activated through antigen recognition?

    <p>They divide and produce active and memory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these cells is NOT directly involved in antigen presentation?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for an antibody?

    <p>Immunoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antibodies is responsible for the majority of defense against viruses and bacteria?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of IgM antibodies?

    <p>Facilitating blood compatibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves antibodies binding to pathogens to make them easier for phagocytes to engulf?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IgE antibodies in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulating inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody type binds antigens in extracellular fluid to aid in B cell sensitization?

    <p>IgD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism involves antibodies making pathogens incapable of attaching to cells?

    <p>Neutralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first antibody type produced following initial exposure to an antigen?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an antigen is covered with antibodies?

    <p>It attracts phagocytes that engulf the pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is produced first during the primary immune response?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the secondary immune response from the primary immune response?

    <p>Memory B cells create plasma cells immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of memory cells in the immune system?

    <p>They can live for over 20 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the adaptive immune response?

    <p>It develops only after exposure to specific antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B-cells in the humoral adaptive immunity?

    <p>To produce antibodies against antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the primary immune response take to develop peak antibody levels?

    <p>About two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the mechanism by which antibodies enhance the ability of phagocytes to engulf pathogens?

    <p>Opsonization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of active cytotoxic T-cells?

    <p>To destroy antigen-bearing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for a B-cell to become active following sensitization?

    <p>B-cell must receive a signal from helper T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the activation of B-cells, what role do cytokines play?

    <p>They stimulate further B-cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cells that activated B-cells differentiate into?

    <p>Plasma cells and memory B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of an antibody?

    <p>Two parallel polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies are classified based on what component?

    <p>The type of constant segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of plasma cells?

    <p>To synthesize and secrete antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to memory B cells when the same antigen is encountered again?

    <p>They quickly differentiate into plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Schedule and Topics (Weeks 1-12)

    • Week 1: Lecture Module Introduction
    • Week 2: Cell Culture Lab Layout, Equipment, and Materials (Lecture 1 & 2)
    • Week 3: Contamination control (Lecture 3 & 4)
    • Week 4: Recap of contamination control, lectures 2-5 (sample assessment questions)
    • Week 5: Nutrient Uptake (Lecture 6 & 7)
    • Week 6: Biology of Culture Cells (Lecture 8) and Cell Culture Media (Lecture 9)
    • Week 7: Cell culture media (lecture 10, postponed)
    • Week 8: Lab 3 data analysis, Cell culture media (Lecture 10 & 11)
    • Week 9: Growing mammalian cells (Lecture 12)
    • Week 10: Recap of lectures 8-11 (sample assessment questions), monitoring growth (Lecture 13), cryopreservation (Lecture 14)
    • Week 11: Innate immune response (Lecture 15), adaptive immune response and bioassays (Lecture 16)
    • Week 12: Revision (Mon 2nd Dec), and a final recap and assessment (Tue 3rd Dec)

    Week 12 Schedule, Topics, and Assessments

    • Revision,
    • Final recap and assessments

    Immune System Overview (Lecture 16)

    • Introduction: Adaptive immunity following innate immunity
    • Adaptive Immunity: Forms and properties, difference between cell-mediated (T-cells) and antibody-mediated (B-cells) immunity
    • Immune System Diagram: Shows innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) branches, and interaction between the two
    • Adaptive Immunity Key Features: Not present at birth, specific, develops after exposure to a specific antigen, can be active or passive, and immunological memory
    • Adaptive Immunity: Active (natural, artificial), Passive (natural, artificial)
    • Humoral and Cellular Adaptive Immunity: Diagrams depicting humoral and cellular immunity processes- B cells, T cells, Antigen presentation, Cell division and differentiation, Antibody production, Cytotoxic response-
    • The T-cell response: CD4+ Helper Cells, CD8+ Cytotoxic Cells, Memory T Cells, Natural Killer T Cells. These cells function based on recognizing MHC class molecules, except natural killer T cells which recognize other antigen classes. They are capable of executing similar functions as CD4+ and CD8+ cells post-activation.
    • The T-cell response: T-cells activated by antigens binding to specific receptors, the antigen presentation process (important for innate immunity), two types of receptors: MHC Class I and MHC Class II (one binds cells, while the other binds specialized APCs like dendritic cells) to activate cytotoxic T cells, stages of cytotoxic T cell response (antigen recognition, activation and division, destruction of target cell)
    • The B-cell response: B cells produce antibodies, sensitisation (antibodies bind antigen in blood), activation (T cells attach to antigen), division and differentiation (plasma cells and memory B cells, plasma cells creating large amounts of antibodies)
    • Antibody Structure and Function: antibody structure (Y-shaped, heavy and light chains, Antigen binding site, variable and constant segments), classification (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD)
    • Classes of Antibodies: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD (brief description of each class and its function)
    • Antibody function: Neutralization, Agglutination, Complement activation, Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cell Toxicity (ADCC), Opsonization, and stimulate inflammation.
    • Immunological Memory: primary (First encounter) and secondary (Repeated exposure) antibody responses. The primary response takes 2 weeks to develop a peak antibody response. The secondary response antibody concentrations quickly rise to significant levels and remain elevated.

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    Related Documents

    Lecture 16: Adaptive Immune Response & Bioassays - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the adaptive and innate immune systems with this comprehensive quiz. Explore key concepts such as memory T cells, humoral immunity, and the roles of different immune cells. Perfect for students studying immunology in detail.

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