Immunology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which branch of biology focuses specifically on the study of immune systems across all organisms?

  • Immunology (correct)
  • Biotechnology
  • Microbiology
  • Virology

Which type of immunity is acquired through experiences in one's lifetime?

  • Passive immunity
  • Innate immunity
  • Acquired immunity (correct)
  • Natural immunity

Which immune system cells are primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

  • Thrombocytes
  • Neutrophils
  • B cells
  • T cells (correct)

What is the primary role of the immune system in the human body?

<p>Protecting against pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is represented by the Hepatitis vaccine?

<p>Recombinant Vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about IgM antibodies in humans is accurate?

<p>IgM primarily exists in circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune system cells are incapable of performing phagocytosis?

<p>Basophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinctive feature of adaptive immunity compared to innate immunity?

<p>Ability to recognize specific pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of eosinophils in the immune system?

<p>Defense against parasitic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of passive immunity?

<p>It involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgA antibodies?

<p>They are essential for blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the thymus in the immune system?

<p>Maturation of T lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

<p>The immune system attacks the body's own tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basophils in the immune system?

<p>Release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of the spleen in the immune system?

<p>It serves as a site of antibody production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of interferons in the immune response?

<p>Inhibition of viral replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for the activation of cytotoxic T cells?

<p>By identifying virus peptides presented by MHC-I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately defines immunity?

<p>The body's ability to defend against specific pathogens and/or foreign substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which passive immunity can be acquired?

<p>Through vaccination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is NOT true regarding cytokines?

<p>They are only pro-inflammatory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are PAMPs primarily recognized for?

<p>As pathogen-associated molecular patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about the innate immune response?

<p>It is protracted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of B lymphocytes in the immune system?

<p>Production of antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is unique for its ability to cross the placenta?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with skin testing for allergies?

<p>A systemic reaction such as anaphylaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical method for assessing lung function in asthma patients?

<p>Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of NK cells in the immune system?

<p>Killing of virus-infected cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines?

<p>Direct killing of pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of innate immunity?

<p>Memory B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the adaptive immune response?

<p>It has immunological memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Immunology

  • The study of immune systems in all organisms is called immunology.
  • Acquired immunity is developed throughout a person's lifetime, while innate immunity is present at birth.
  • T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
  • The immune system protects the body against pathogens.
  • Hepatitis vaccine is an example of a subunit vaccine.
  • IgM is primarily restricted to the circulation and is produced at the beginning of an immune response.
  • Interferons are cytokines that inhibit viral replication.
  • Basophils are the only immune cells that don't perform phagocytosis.
  • Monocytes differentiate into macrophages.
  • Adaptive immunity is characterized by its ability to distinguish self from non-self.
  • Interferons bind to neighboring cells to induce a state of resistance to viral infection.
  • The adaptive immune system is characterized by its ability to remember pathogens.
  • Antibodies are produced by B cells when stimulated by T helper cells.
  • Cytotoxic T cells are activated by recognizing virus peptides presented by MHC-I.
  • Immunity is the body's ability to defend against specific pathogens or foreign substances.

Passive Immunity

  • Passive immunity can be acquired from mother to fetus, through breastfeeding, and through immunoglobulin therapy (injections of antibodies).
  • Humoral immunity refers to immunity provided by antibodies in blood and other bodily fluids, while cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells.

Innate Immune Response

  • PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are recognized by the innate immune system.
  • Dendritic cells are primarily found in tissues exposed to external environments.
  • Lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in adaptive immunity.
  • HLAs (human leukocyte antigens) are cell-surface glycoproteins that present antigens to T cells.
  • IgG is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta.
  • Older adults are more susceptible to infections and experience a decline in immune function.

Allergies and Hypersensitivity

  • Atopy is the genetic predisposition to develop allergies involving IgE antibody formation.
  • Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
  • Allergic rhinitis often includes symptoms such as eye irritation, excessive tearing, and nasal congestion.

Immune System Components

  • Lymphoid tissues are where lymphocytes mature and encounter antigens.
  • Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells.
  • MHC molecules present antigens to T cells.
  • Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another and provides short-term protection.
  • Eosinophils fight parasitic infections.
  • The thymus is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes.
  • Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.
  • Basophils release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
  • The spleen filters blood, stores platelets, and removes old red blood cells.
  • Interferons inhibit viral replication and are produced by virus-infected cells.

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