Immunology Overview Quiz

Immunology

• The study of immune systems in all organisms is called immunology.
• Acquired immunity is developed throughout a person's lifetime, while innate immunity is present at birth.
• T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity.
• The immune system protects the body against pathogens.
• Hepatitis vaccine is an example of a subunit vaccine.
• IgM is primarily restricted to the circulation and is produced at the beginning of an immune response.
• Interferons are cytokines that inhibit viral replication.
• Basophils are the only immune cells that don't perform phagocytosis.
• Monocytes differentiate into macrophages.
• Adaptive immunity is characterized by its ability to distinguish self from non-self.
• Interferons bind to neighboring cells to induce a state of resistance to viral infection.
• The adaptive immune system is characterized by its ability to remember pathogens.
• Antibodies are produced by B cells when stimulated by T helper cells.
• Cytotoxic T cells are activated by recognizing virus peptides presented by MHC-I.
• Immunity is the body's ability to defend against specific pathogens or foreign substances.

Passive Immunity

• Passive immunity can be acquired from mother to fetus, through breastfeeding, and through immunoglobulin therapy (injections of antibodies).
• Humoral immunity refers to immunity provided by antibodies in blood and other bodily fluids, while cell-mediated immunity involves the activation of T cells.

Innate Immune Response

• PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are recognized by the innate immune system.
• Dendritic cells are primarily found in tissues exposed to external environments.
• Lymphocytes are the primary cells involved in adaptive immunity.
• HLAs (human leukocyte antigens) are cell-surface glycoproteins that present antigens to T cells.
• IgG is the only immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta.
• Older adults are more susceptible to infections and experience a decline in immune function.

Allergies and Hypersensitivity

• Atopy is the genetic predisposition to develop allergies involving IgE antibody formation.
• Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening.
• Allergic rhinitis often includes symptoms such as eye irritation, excessive tearing, and nasal congestion.

Immune System Components

• Lymphoid tissues are where lymphocytes mature and encounter antigens.
• Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells.
• MHC molecules present antigens to T cells.
• Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another and provides short-term protection.
• Eosinophils fight parasitic infections.
• The thymus is responsible for the maturation of T lymphocytes.
• Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.
• Basophils release histamine and other inflammatory mediators.
• The spleen filters blood, stores platelets, and removes old red blood cells.
• Interferons inhibit viral replication and are produced by virus-infected cells.