Immunology revision notes hard

The body's first line of defense, it physically blocks pathogens from entering the body.

These are the physical and chemical processes that help maintain a healthy immune response such as skin, saliva, tears, and stomach acid.

This process involves cells engulfing and destroying pathogens.

The immune response triggered by injury or infection. It involves recruitment of immune cells and release of chemicals to fight off pathogens and repair damage.

Displaying parts of a pathogen to T cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and target them.

A type of white blood cell that releases histamine and heparin, contributing to inflammation and allergic reactions.

A type of white blood cell that releases chemicals like histamine and heparin, primarily involved in allergic reactions.

A type of white blood cell responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.

A type of phagocyte that is the first responder to infection, quickly moving into the site of inflammation.

A type of immune cell that helps to coordinate the immune response.

A type of immune cell that directly kills infected cells and cancer cells.

Molecules released by immune cells that help to regulate the immune response.

The process where immune cells engulf and digest pathogens.

White blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris.

A type of phagocytic cell that is the most common leukocyte in the blood.

A type of phagocytic cell that develops from monocytes and is found in tissues.

A type of phagocytic cell that specializes in targeting parasites and allergic reactions.

The immune system's first line of defense against infection. It is composed of cells and mechanisms that provide immediate protection.

A type of leukocyte that plays a critical role in adaptive immunity. They mature into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens, helping to neutralize and eliminate foreign invaders.

The part of the immune system that provides a specific and tailored response to foreign invaders. It involves specialized cells like T cells and B cells.

A type of leukocyte that is involved in adaptive immunity. They mature in the thymus and recognize specific antigens.

A type of T cell that helps activate other immune cells, including B cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Antigen-presenting cells are specialized cells that capture and process antigens for the immune system.

A type of antigen-presenting cell that captures antigens and migrates to lymph nodes to activate T cells.

A type of T cell that regulates and controls immune responses, helping to prevent autoimmune diseases.

A type of T cell that retains memory of the antigen it encountered, allowing for a quicker and more efficient immune response in the future.

A group of disorders that occur when the immune system is weakened, leaving the body susceptible to frequent and serious infections.

Immunodeficiency that is present from birth due to genetic factors.

Immunodeficiency that develops later in life due to factors like infections, malnutrition, or medications.

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage.

A type of immunodeficiency where the body's ability to produce antibodies is impaired.

A type of immunodeficiency where the body's ability to produce T cells is impaired.

A severe type of immunodeficiency affecting both B and T cells, making the body highly vulnerable to infections.

A condition where the body's ability to remove bacteria from the bloodstream is impaired, leading to recurrent infections.

Antibodies produced by B cells, bind to antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction by complement activation, opsonization and phagocytosis.

Involves T cells that directly target pathogens that cannot be destroyed by phagocytosis, especially virus-infected and cancer cells.

Immunity acquired through exposure to pathogens, leading to the production of antibodies by the immune system.

Immunity provided by receiving pre-made antibodies, like when a mother passes antibodies to her baby.

Immune response triggers exaggerated, damaging reactions to normally harmless substances, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

Fastest type of hypersensitivity, occurring within an hour of exposure to an allergen.

Cytokines are proteins secreted by T helper cells that help B cells multiply and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce antibodies.

The complement system is a group of proteins that work together to clear antigen-antibody complexes from the body.

A condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues in the body, leading to chronic inflammation and damage.

Substances, like viruses, that can trigger an autoimmune reaction.

Hidden antigens are body components that were previously not recognized by the immune system. These antigens can be released when tissues are damaged, causing the immune system to mistake them as foreign and attack.

Drugs, like penicillin, can sometimes lead to the immune system attacking healthy tissues due to a mistaken identity.

These medications work by suppressing the immune response, reducing inflammation and slowing down the progression of autoimmune diseases.

A severe autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and tissue damage in various parts of the body, including the mouth.

Characterized by dry mouth and dry eyes due to the immune system attacking the glands responsible for making saliva and tears.

A rare, blistering autoimmune disease that attacks the skin and mucous membranes, leading to painful sores and blisters in the mouth.