Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where are MHC class I molecules primarily found?
Where are MHC class I molecules primarily found?
Which cells primarily have MHC class II molecules on their surface?
Which cells primarily have MHC class II molecules on their surface?
Who identified the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) through skin graft rejection experiments?
Who identified the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) through skin graft rejection experiments?
Which of the following methods is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?
Which of the following methods is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?
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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is particularly successful in treating which types of cancer?
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is particularly successful in treating which types of cancer?
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Which antigen is commonly targeted in B-cell malignancies for CAR T-cell therapy?
Which antigen is commonly targeted in B-cell malignancies for CAR T-cell therapy?
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What is tolerance induction in the context of immunotherapy?
What is tolerance induction in the context of immunotherapy?
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Which part of the Cytotoxicity Test involves adding complement proteins to the wells?
Which part of the Cytotoxicity Test involves adding complement proteins to the wells?
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Which process is critical for assessing whether cells have bound specific antibodies in a cytotoxicity test?
Which process is critical for assessing whether cells have bound specific antibodies in a cytotoxicity test?
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Which specialized antigen-presenting cells primarily display MHC class II molecules?
Which specialized antigen-presenting cells primarily display MHC class II molecules?
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Which method is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?
Which method is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?
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What is the primary target antigen for CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies?
What is the primary target antigen for CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies?
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What type of cells serve as the primary source for the cytotoxicity test?
What type of cells serve as the primary source for the cytotoxicity test?
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What is the purpose of tolerance induction in immunotherapy?
What is the purpose of tolerance induction in immunotherapy?
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Which component is added to microtiter wells to enable the cytotoxicity test's cell viability assessment?
Which component is added to microtiter wells to enable the cytotoxicity test's cell viability assessment?
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Which type of assays are designed to measure the interaction between two molecules, typically involving a receptor and a ligand?
Which type of assays are designed to measure the interaction between two molecules, typically involving a receptor and a ligand?
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Study Notes
MHC Class I and II
- MHC class I molecules are found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells.
- MHC class II molecules are primarily found on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.
Discovery of MHC
- The MHC was identified by Snell through skin graft rejection experiments.
- The experiments implicated MHC molecules present on the surface of skin cells in the immune response.
HLA Typing Methods
- Serological testing is a method used to type HLA.
- Molecular methods are also used to type HLA.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular method that amplifies specific regions of HLA genes.
CAR T-cell Therapy
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a personalized form of immunotherapy.
- CAR T-cell therapy has shown significant success in treating certain types of cancer, particularly blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma.
- CD19 antigen is commonly found on B-cell malignancies.
Tolerance Induction
- Tolerance induction refers to strategies used to train the immune system to accept specific antigens without mounting an immune response against them.
Cytotoxicity Test (Microcytotoxicity Test)
- The test is used to determine the presence of specific HLA antigens on cells.
- Lymphocytes are isolated from the blood of the person to be typed.
- A panel of sera containing known anti-HLA antibodies is used.
- The test involves incubation, complement addition, and cytotoxicity assessment.
- Cells that have bound specific antibodies are lysed by the complement system and take up a dye, indicating the presence of the corresponding HLA antigen.
- Viable (unstained) cells indicate the absence of that specific HLA antigen.
Binding Assays
- Binding assays are designed to measure the interaction between two molecules, typically a receptor and a ligand.
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Description
Learn about the difference between MHC Class I and II molecules, including their cell surface expression and immune function. Understand the history of MHC discovery and HLA typing methods.
