Immunology: MHC Class I and II
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Questions and Answers

Where are MHC class I molecules primarily found?

  • On the surface of platelets
  • On the surface of red blood cells
  • On the surface of non-nucleated cells
  • On the surface of nucleated cells (correct)

Which cells primarily have MHC class II molecules on their surface?

  • Neurons and glial cells
  • Red blood cells and platelets
  • Muscle and bone cells
  • Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells (correct)

Who identified the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) through skin graft rejection experiments?

  • Watson
  • Crick
  • Mendel
  • Snell (correct)

Which of the following methods is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is particularly successful in treating which types of cancer?

<p>Blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antigen is commonly targeted in B-cell malignancies for CAR T-cell therapy?

<p>CD19 antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tolerance induction in the context of immunotherapy?

<p>Strategies used to train the immune system to accept specific antigens without mounting an immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Cytotoxicity Test involves adding complement proteins to the wells?

<p>Complement Addition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is critical for assessing whether cells have bound specific antibodies in a cytotoxicity test?

<p>Staining with a dye and assessing viability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized antigen-presenting cells primarily display MHC class II molecules?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to amplify specific regions of HLA genes?

<p>Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target antigen for CAR T-cell therapy in B-cell malignancies?

<p>CD19 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells serve as the primary source for the cytotoxicity test?

<p>Lymphocytes from blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tolerance induction in immunotherapy?

<p>To train the immune system to ignore specific antigens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is added to microtiter wells to enable the cytotoxicity test's cell viability assessment?

<p>Eosin or trypan blue dye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of assays are designed to measure the interaction between two molecules, typically involving a receptor and a ligand?

<p>Binding assays (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MHC Class I and II

  • MHC class I molecules are found on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells.
  • MHC class II molecules are primarily found on the surface of specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells.

Discovery of MHC

  • The MHC was identified by Snell through skin graft rejection experiments.
  • The experiments implicated MHC molecules present on the surface of skin cells in the immune response.

HLA Typing Methods

  • Serological testing is a method used to type HLA.
  • Molecular methods are also used to type HLA.
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular method that amplifies specific regions of HLA genes.

CAR T-cell Therapy

  • Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a personalized form of immunotherapy.
  • CAR T-cell therapy has shown significant success in treating certain types of cancer, particularly blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma.
  • CD19 antigen is commonly found on B-cell malignancies.

Tolerance Induction

  • Tolerance induction refers to strategies used to train the immune system to accept specific antigens without mounting an immune response against them.

Cytotoxicity Test (Microcytotoxicity Test)

  • The test is used to determine the presence of specific HLA antigens on cells.
  • Lymphocytes are isolated from the blood of the person to be typed.
  • A panel of sera containing known anti-HLA antibodies is used.
  • The test involves incubation, complement addition, and cytotoxicity assessment.
  • Cells that have bound specific antibodies are lysed by the complement system and take up a dye, indicating the presence of the corresponding HLA antigen.
  • Viable (unstained) cells indicate the absence of that specific HLA antigen.

Binding Assays

  • Binding assays are designed to measure the interaction between two molecules, typically a receptor and a ligand.

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Learn about the difference between MHC Class I and II molecules, including their cell surface expression and immune function. Understand the history of MHC discovery and HLA typing methods.

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