25 Questions
What is the major antibody isotype found in mucosal lymphoid tissues?
IgA
Which enzyme plays a key role in the mechanism of isotype switching of antibodies?
Activation-induced deaminase (AID)
Which type of antibody is best for microbes opsonization?
IgG
Which type of cells are best for eliminating helminths?
Eosinophils
Which type of cells produce the first antibody, IgM, in response to an antigen?
B cells
What is the function of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)?
Transfers maternal IgG to the fetus
Which cytokine is associated with the production of IgA?
TGF-β
Where does affinity maturation occur in B cells?
Germinal centers
Which enzyme plays a critical role in somatic mutation during affinity maturation?
AID
What is a major source of IgA antibodies in mucosal tissues against nonprotein antigens?
B-1 cells
Which type of antigens stimulate proliferation and differentiation of B cells without T cell help?
Polysaccharides
What is the estimated frequency of mutations per cell per division during affinity maturation due to somatic hypermutation?
$1$ in $10^3$ base pairs
Where do memory cells from T-dependent antibody responses reside?
Mucosal and other tissues
What type of antigens require T cell help for B cell activation?
Soluble proteins
In which population of B lymphocytes are most blood circulating IgM antibodies produced?
B-1 cells
What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?
The type of B cells involved and the outcome
Why do most soluble protein antigens not stimulate high levels of B cell activation?
They do not contain multiple identical epitopes
What is the outcome of isotype switching in B cells?
Generation of memory cells
Which process leads to the production of antibodies with improved capacity to bind and neutralize microbes?
Affinity maturation
How do B cells recognize their specific antigens?
By displaying specific receptors on their surface
What is the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in B cell activation?
Triggering activating signals for proliferation
How do activated helper T cells stimulate B cells?
By producing cytokines and binding CD40L on B cells
What happens if there is a mutation in the CD40L gene?
'X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome' due to defective isotype switching
'IgE functions to eliminate helminths' - Which cytokine stimulates the switching to IgE class antibodies?
'IL-4' produced by Tfh cells
How do T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells differ in terms of receptor affinity?
T-independent activation has higher receptor affinity
Test your knowledge on adaptive immunity mechanisms of lymphocytes activation, components of the immune system, innate and adaptive immune responses, and how lymphocytes recognize specific antigens. This quiz is based on textbook reading Chapter 7 by Dr. Dalia Zakaria.
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