Immunology intro only revision notes quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which component is primarily responsible for filtering blood and storing immune cells?

Thymus

Lymph nodes

Spleen (correct)

Tonsils

What defines the primary difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Adaptive immunity is specific, while innate is non-specific. (correct)

Innate immunity provides immunological memory, while adaptive does not.

Adaptive immunity involves immediate responses, whereas innate develops over time.

Innate immunity is antigen dependent, while adaptive is non-antigen dependent.

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier of the innate immune system?

Mucous membranes

B lymphocytes (correct)

Skin

Saliva

What role do mucous membranes play in the immune system?

They act as a protection barrier with immune cells underneath. Signup and view all the answers

Which immune component is involved in the initial physical barrier against pathogens?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What type of response do PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) primarily initiate?

Innate immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly pairs an example with its type of immunity?

Saliva - Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of macrophages in the immune system?

They engulf and digest pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens?

Phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of opsonins in the immune system?

To coat pathogens for easier recognition by phagocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?

They process and present antigens to T cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of B lymphocyte maturation in the immune system?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are classified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the complement system in immunity?

To eliminate pathogens and damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the immune system is primarily involved in regulating immune cell growth and activity?

Cytokine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes apoptosis in the immune system?

Programmed cell death to maintain tissue homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin type is primarily responsible for the primary immune response?

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Immunoglobulin G (IgG)?

It is the most common antibody in tissues and fluids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the immune system?

Facilitating the release of anti-histamines. Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin type supports B cell maturation and has a role on the membrane of B lymphocytes?

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is correct?

It is primarily found in respiratory and digestive linings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune system?

Phagocytosis and antigen presentation to T cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is primarily involved in mediating the adaptive immune response?

T Helper cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about antibodies is true?

They specifically recognize and bind to antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune response?

Destroying infected and diseased cells Signup and view all the answers

What defines the role of dendritic cells within the immune system?

They act as antigen presenting cells linking innate and adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is primarily responsible for targeting foreign antigens in the immune response?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells are considered mononuclear leukocytes?

Lymphocytes and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Eosinophils primarily respond to which type of infectious agents?

Allergens and parasites Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunology Key Terminology

Microbe: Microscopic organisms, some pathogenic, others beneficial.
Antigen: Substance on infection-causing organisms, triggers immune response.
Cytokine: Small proteins regulating immune cell growth and activity.
Antibody: Proteins produced by activated B cells, targeting antigens.
Phagocyte: White blood cells engulfing and digesting pathogens (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils).
Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Process and present antigens to T cells (crucial for adaptive immunity).
Proteins (immune system): Large molecules of amino acids in specific order.
Opsonins: Molecules coating pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to recognise (e.g., IgG, C3b).
Phagocytosis: Process of phagocytes engulfing and digesting pathogens.
Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, eliminating unwanted cells.
Complement System: Part of innate immunity, crucial for host defense and inflammation, eliminates pathogens and damaged cells.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): First line of defense (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells).

Key Organs & Tissues of the Immune System

Primary Organs: Specialized immune cells (lymphocytes) produced here.
- Bone marrow: B lymphocyte maturation site.
- Thymus: T lymphocyte maturation and coordination of immune responses.
Secondary Organs: Immune cells act within these organs to fight off foreign substances.
- Lymph nodes: Filter lymph, trap pathogens, trigger antibody production.
- Spleen: Filters blood, stores immune cells, removes old red blood cells.
- Tonsils & Mucous Membranes: Prevent foreign substance entry (e.g., nasal and oral cavities, respiratory & digestive tracts).

Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity

Innate Immunity: Immediate, non-specific defense, no memory.
- Barriers (e.g., skin, mucous membranes).
- Immune cells (e.g., phagocytes).
Adaptive Immunity: Develops over time, specific, antigen-dependent, with immunological memory.
- Involves B and T lymphocytes and antibody production.

Key Barriers of Innate Immune System

Anatomic: Initial physical barriers (e.g., skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract).
Physiological: Regulates immune responses (e.g., low pH, body temperature, chemical mediators).
Phagocytic/Endocytic: Engulf and digest pathogens, breaking down foreign substances (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils).
Inflammatory: Detects and triggers immune response to injury and tissue damage (e.g., cytokines, histamine).

Cells of the Immune System

Innate System Cells:
- Macrophages: Phagocytosis, antigen presentation, long-lived.
- Neutrophils: Phagocytosis, short-lived.
- Eosinophils: Degranulation, allergic reactions, parasites.
- Basophils: Release histamine, allergic reactions.
- Mast Cells: Release inflammatory mediators, host defence.
- Dendritic Cells: Link innate and adaptive immunity, antigen presentation.
Adaptive System Cells:
- Lymphocytes (T Cells): Mature in the thymus, crucial for immune responses (e.g., Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells).
- Lymphocytes (B Cells): Mature in bone marrow, produce antibodies (e.g., Plasma cells, Memory cells).

Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

Antibodies: Proteins produced by activated B cells, targeting and neutralizing pathogens.
- IgG: Most common, protects against various pathogens & toxins, involved in both innate and adaptive immunity.
- IgA: Found in secretions (e.g., saliva, breast milk), important for mucosal immunity.
- IgM: Largest, first antibody produced during an infection.
- IgE: Involved in allergic reactions, parasitic infections.
- IgD: Found on B cells, involved in B cell activation.

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Description

Test your knowledge of essential immunology terms with this quiz. You'll encounter key concepts such as microbes, antigens, cytokines, and antibodies. This quiz is perfect for students and enthusiasts who want to deepen their understanding of the immune system.