Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which component is primarily responsible for filtering blood and storing immune cells?
Which component is primarily responsible for filtering blood and storing immune cells?
- Thymus
- Lymph nodes
- Spleen (correct)
- Tonsils
What defines the primary difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
What defines the primary difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
- Adaptive immunity is specific, while innate is non-specific. (correct)
- Innate immunity provides immunological memory, while adaptive does not.
- Adaptive immunity involves immediate responses, whereas innate develops over time.
- Innate immunity is antigen dependent, while adaptive is non-antigen dependent.
Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier of the innate immune system?
Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier of the innate immune system?
- Mucous membranes
- B lymphocytes (correct)
- Skin
- Saliva
What role do mucous membranes play in the immune system?
What role do mucous membranes play in the immune system?
Which immune component is involved in the initial physical barrier against pathogens?
Which immune component is involved in the initial physical barrier against pathogens?
What type of response do PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) primarily initiate?
What type of response do PRRs (Pattern Recognition Receptors) primarily initiate?
Which of the following correctly pairs an example with its type of immunity?
Which of the following correctly pairs an example with its type of immunity?
What is the function of macrophages in the immune system?
What is the function of macrophages in the immune system?
Which cells are primarily responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens?
Which cells are primarily responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens?
What is the function of opsonins in the immune system?
What is the function of opsonins in the immune system?
Which statement describes the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?
Which statement describes the role of antigen presenting cells (APCs)?
What is the primary site of B lymphocyte maturation in the immune system?
What is the primary site of B lymphocyte maturation in the immune system?
Which immune cells are classified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)?
Which immune cells are classified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)?
What is the role of the complement system in immunity?
What is the role of the complement system in immunity?
Which component of the immune system is primarily involved in regulating immune cell growth and activity?
Which component of the immune system is primarily involved in regulating immune cell growth and activity?
Which of the following best describes apoptosis in the immune system?
Which of the following best describes apoptosis in the immune system?
Which immunoglobulin type is primarily responsible for the primary immune response?
Which immunoglobulin type is primarily responsible for the primary immune response?
What is a key characteristic of Immunoglobulin G (IgG)?
What is a key characteristic of Immunoglobulin G (IgG)?
What is the main role of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the immune system?
What is the main role of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the immune system?
Which immunoglobulin type supports B cell maturation and has a role on the membrane of B lymphocytes?
Which immunoglobulin type supports B cell maturation and has a role on the membrane of B lymphocytes?
Which statement about Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is correct?
Which statement about Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is correct?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune system?
What is the primary function of macrophages in the immune system?
Which cell type is primarily involved in mediating the adaptive immune response?
Which cell type is primarily involved in mediating the adaptive immune response?
Which of the following statements about antibodies is true?
Which of the following statements about antibodies is true?
What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune response?
What is the role of natural killer cells in the immune response?
What defines the role of dendritic cells within the immune system?
What defines the role of dendritic cells within the immune system?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for targeting foreign antigens in the immune response?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for targeting foreign antigens in the immune response?
Which of the following cells are considered mononuclear leukocytes?
Which of the following cells are considered mononuclear leukocytes?
Eosinophils primarily respond to which type of infectious agents?
Eosinophils primarily respond to which type of infectious agents?
Flashcards
Antigen
Antigen
A substance on pathogens that triggers an immune response.
Antibody
Antibody
Proteins made by B cells that attack antigens.
Phagocyte
Phagocyte
Immune cells that engulf and destroy pathogens.
Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
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Bone Marrow
Bone Marrow
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Cytokine
Cytokine
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Lymphocyte
Lymphocyte
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Thymus function
Thymus function
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Spleen function
Spleen function
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Innate Immunity
Innate Immunity
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Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
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Lymph Node Function
Lymph Node Function
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Mucous Membrane Function
Mucous Membrane Function
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Anatomic Barriers
Anatomic Barriers
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Phagocytic Function
Phagocytic Function
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Innate immune system
Innate immune system
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Macrophage Function
Macrophage Function
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Neutrophil Role
Neutrophil Role
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Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
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T Cell types
T Cell types
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B cell role
B cell role
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Antibody Function
Antibody Function
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Cytokines role
Cytokines role
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IgA function
IgA function
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IgD function
IgD function
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IgE function
IgE function
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IgG function
IgG function
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IgM function
IgM function
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Study Notes
Immunology Key Terminology
- Microbe: Microscopic organisms, some pathogenic, others beneficial.
- Antigen: Substance on infection-causing organisms, triggers immune response.
- Cytokine: Small proteins regulating immune cell growth and activity.
- Antibody: Proteins produced by activated B cells, targeting antigens.
- Phagocyte: White blood cells engulfing and digesting pathogens (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils).
- Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Process and present antigens to T cells (crucial for adaptive immunity).
- Proteins (immune system): Large molecules of amino acids in specific order.
- Opsonins: Molecules coating pathogens, making them easier for phagocytes to recognise (e.g., IgG, C3b).
- Phagocytosis: Process of phagocytes engulfing and digesting pathogens.
- Apoptosis: Programmed cell death, eliminating unwanted cells.
- Complement System: Part of innate immunity, crucial for host defense and inflammation, eliminates pathogens and damaged cells.
- Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs): First line of defense (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells).
Key Organs & Tissues of the Immune System
- Primary Organs: Specialized immune cells (lymphocytes) produced here.
- Bone marrow: B lymphocyte maturation site.
- Thymus: T lymphocyte maturation and coordination of immune responses.
- Secondary Organs: Immune cells act within these organs to fight off foreign substances.
- Lymph nodes: Filter lymph, trap pathogens, trigger antibody production.
- Spleen: Filters blood, stores immune cells, removes old red blood cells.
- Tonsils & Mucous Membranes: Prevent foreign substance entry (e.g., nasal and oral cavities, respiratory & digestive tracts).
Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity
- Innate Immunity: Immediate, non-specific defense, no memory.
- Barriers (e.g., skin, mucous membranes).
- Immune cells (e.g., phagocytes).
- Adaptive Immunity: Develops over time, specific, antigen-dependent, with immunological memory.
- Involves B and T lymphocytes and antibody production.
Key Barriers of Innate Immune System
- Anatomic: Initial physical barriers (e.g., skin, mucous membranes, respiratory tract).
- Physiological: Regulates immune responses (e.g., low pH, body temperature, chemical mediators).
- Phagocytic/Endocytic: Engulf and digest pathogens, breaking down foreign substances (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils).
- Inflammatory: Detects and triggers immune response to injury and tissue damage (e.g., cytokines, histamine).
Cells of the Immune System
-
Innate System Cells:
- Macrophages: Phagocytosis, antigen presentation, long-lived.
- Neutrophils: Phagocytosis, short-lived.
- Eosinophils: Degranulation, allergic reactions, parasites.
- Basophils: Release histamine, allergic reactions.
- Mast Cells: Release inflammatory mediators, host defence.
- Dendritic Cells: Link innate and adaptive immunity, antigen presentation.
-
Adaptive System Cells:
- Lymphocytes (T Cells): Mature in the thymus, crucial for immune responses (e.g., Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells).
- Lymphocytes (B Cells): Mature in bone marrow, produce antibodies (e.g., Plasma cells, Memory cells).
Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)
- Antibodies: Proteins produced by activated B cells, targeting and neutralizing pathogens.
- IgG: Most common, protects against various pathogens & toxins, involved in both innate and adaptive immunity.
- IgA: Found in secretions (e.g., saliva, breast milk), important for mucosal immunity.
- IgM: Largest, first antibody produced during an infection.
- IgE: Involved in allergic reactions, parasitic infections.
- IgD: Found on B cells, involved in B cell activation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of essential immunology terms with this quiz. You'll encounter key concepts such as microbes, antigens, cytokines, and antibodies. This quiz is perfect for students and enthusiasts who want to deepen their understanding of the immune system.
