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What is the primary characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity?
What is the primary characteristic of Type I hypersensitivity?
In which type of hypersensitivity do antibodies target specific tissues causing tissue damage?
In which type of hypersensitivity do antibodies target specific tissues causing tissue damage?
What does Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) primarily affect?
What does Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) primarily affect?
Which of the following is a common result of a cytotoxic reaction in Type II hypersensitivity?
Which of the following is a common result of a cytotoxic reaction in Type II hypersensitivity?
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What is the primary difference between autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency disorders?
What is the primary difference between autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency disorders?
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What is a common early symptom of SLE that resembles rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a common early symptom of SLE that resembles rheumatoid arthritis?
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Which medication is used as an immunosuppressive agent in severe SLE cases?
Which medication is used as an immunosuppressive agent in severe SLE cases?
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What is the characteristic rash referred to as the Butterfly Rash associated with?
What is the characteristic rash referred to as the Butterfly Rash associated with?
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Which test is commonly used to measure inflammation in the body?
Which test is commonly used to measure inflammation in the body?
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What is proteinuria and in what condition is it typically present?
What is proteinuria and in what condition is it typically present?
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Which type of reaction occurs 48-72 hours after antigen exposure?
Which type of reaction occurs 48-72 hours after antigen exposure?
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Which of the following is considered a risk factor for SLE?
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for SLE?
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What is a common long-term symptom experienced by SLE patients?
What is a common long-term symptom experienced by SLE patients?
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What is a characteristic feature of Type IV Hypersensitivity?
What is a characteristic feature of Type IV Hypersensitivity?
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How long after exposure does a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction typically show a response?
How long after exposure does a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction typically show a response?
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What can result from continued macrophage activation in Type IV Hypersensitivity?
What can result from continued macrophage activation in Type IV Hypersensitivity?
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What is the primary method used to test for a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
What is the primary method used to test for a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
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What is a common outcome of an acute systemic allergic reaction?
What is a common outcome of an acute systemic allergic reaction?
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What role do histamines play in allergic reactions?
What role do histamines play in allergic reactions?
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What condition is characterized by wheezing and difficulty breathing due to chronic inflammation?
What condition is characterized by wheezing and difficulty breathing due to chronic inflammation?
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What is the purpose of immunotherapy in allergic reactions?
What is the purpose of immunotherapy in allergic reactions?
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What is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
What is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
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What typically defines a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
What typically defines a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Type I hypersensitivity?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Type I hypersensitivity?
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Which treatment is recommended for a major blood transfusion reaction?
Which treatment is recommended for a major blood transfusion reaction?
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What type of immune response is associated with Type IV hypersensitivity?
What type of immune response is associated with Type IV hypersensitivity?
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Which of the following allergens is NOT commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity?
Which of the following allergens is NOT commonly associated with Type I hypersensitivity?
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What is a goal of immunotherapy in managing allergies?
What is a goal of immunotherapy in managing allergies?
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What happens in the body during an anaphylaxis reaction?
What happens in the body during an anaphylaxis reaction?
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In Type II hypersensitivity, what is primarily targeted?
In Type II hypersensitivity, what is primarily targeted?
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Which statement is true regarding allergic reactions as a person ages?
Which statement is true regarding allergic reactions as a person ages?
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What characterizes Type IV hypersensitivity in terms of T-cells?
What characterizes Type IV hypersensitivity in terms of T-cells?
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What is the mechanism behind serum sickness?
What is the mechanism behind serum sickness?
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Which is a common sign of Type I hypersensitivity?
Which is a common sign of Type I hypersensitivity?
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What is the role of antihistamines in treating hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the role of antihistamines in treating hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which condition is primarily associated with the creation of autoantibodies that attack the patient's own cells?
Which condition is primarily associated with the creation of autoantibodies that attack the patient's own cells?
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What is a common manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What is a common manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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Which demographic has the highest prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which demographic has the highest prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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Which diagnostic test is a specific indicator of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which diagnostic test is a specific indicator of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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What role do immunosuppressive agents play in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What role do immunosuppressive agents play in the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune complexes are primarily deposited in which tissues?
In systemic lupus erythematosus, the immune complexes are primarily deposited in which tissues?
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What skin manifestation is often associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What skin manifestation is often associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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What may happen to menstruation in women taking cyclophosphamide for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
What may happen to menstruation in women taking cyclophosphamide for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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Which autoimmune disorder features hyperactivity of B cells as a contributing factor?
Which autoimmune disorder features hyperactivity of B cells as a contributing factor?
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What is the normal range for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
What is the normal range for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
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Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis for a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
Which of the following is a nursing diagnosis for a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
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What is a recommended teaching point for patients on immunosuppressants?
What is a recommended teaching point for patients on immunosuppressants?
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Which of the following is NOT a common nursing implementation for SLE patients?
Which of the following is NOT a common nursing implementation for SLE patients?
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What potential complications arise from the use of high-dose corticosteroid therapy for SLE?
What potential complications arise from the use of high-dose corticosteroid therapy for SLE?
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Study Notes
Hypersensitivity
- An overreaction of the immune system to foreign agents.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple body systems.
- Immunocompromised systems are ineffective at protecting the body against infection.
- Autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues.
- Immunodeficiency is when the immune system is unable to respond effectively.
Type I Hypersensitivity
- Immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.
- Can be localized or systemic.
- Antibodies bind to cells, releasing substances causing inflammation.
- Examples include asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies.
Type II Hypersensitivity
- Cytotoxic reaction targeting specific tissues.
- Antibodies activate a system that causes tissue damage.
- Examples include transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, and ABO incompatibility.
Type III Hypersensitivity
- Immune complex-mediated inflammation in tissues.
- Immune complexes deposited in tissues causing inflammation.
- Examples include serum sickness and acute glomerulonephritis.
Type IV Hypersensitivity
- Delayed cell-mediated immune response to antigens.
- Cell-mediated immune response.
- Antigen stimulates T-cells.
- Examples include contact dermatitis, TB test, and GVH.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- An autoimmune disease affecting multiple body systems.
- Involves the immune system attacking its own tissues.
- Symptoms vary widely.
SLE Risk Factors
- Women of childbearing age
- African Americans
- Hispanics
- Native Americans
- Asians
SLE Clinical Manifestations
-
Joint pain
-
Butterfly rash (red rash across cheeks and bridge of nose)
-
Diffuse skin rash
-
Early manifestations (mimic Rheumatoid Arthritis)
-
Anti-DNA antibodies (rarely found in other disorders)
-
Increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) - due to inflammation
SLE Diagnostic Tests
- CBC (Complete Blood Count) - can show anemia and/or leukopenia
- Urinalysis - tests for proteinuria (protein in urine) during exacerbation of SLE when kidneys are involved
SLE Drug Therapy
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (hydroxychloroquine)
- Corticosteroids (high doses initially, tapered as possible)
- Immunosuppressive agents (cyclophosphamide, azathioprine)
- Increased risk for infection and malignancy with immunosuppressant drugs.
SLE - Immunosuppressant Agents
- Increased risk of infection and malignancy
SLE Nursing Assessment
- Skin
- Respiratory system
- Musculoskeletal system
- Neurological system
- Gastrointestinal system
- Psychosocial
- Pain Assessment
SLE - Nursing Diagnoses
- Risk for infection
- Ineffective tissue perfusion
- Chronic pain
- Risk for activity intolerance
- Disturbed body image
- Compromised family coping
SLE - Nursing Implementations
- Patient education about sun exposure
- Strategies for rest and comfort
- Frequent rest periods
- encourage mobility
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Patient maintain a balanced healthy diet
- Patient adheres to medications
SLE - Nursing Evaluation
- Weight maintenance
- Healthy skin
- balanced activity/rest
- Compliance with medication regimen
- Positive body image
Type IV Hypersensitivity
- Cell-mediated immune response.
- No antibodies involved.
- Results from exaggerated interaction between antigen and T cells.
- Examples include PPD/TB skin test.
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Description
Test your knowledge on hypersensitivity and autoimmune disorders. This quiz covers the different types of hypersensitivity, including Type I, II, and III reactions, as well as their implications in diseases like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Explore how the immune system can sometimes overreact in harmful ways.
