Questions and Answers
What is one key difference between adaptive immunity and innate immunity?
Which process is crucial for the development of immunocompetent T cells?
Which of the following T cell subsets is characterized by the CD4 marker?
In the maturation process of a B cell, which stage follows the pro-B cell stage?
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How do cytotoxic T cells identify their target cells?
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Study Notes
Adaptive Immunity Overview
- Adaptive immunity differs from innate immunity in specificity and memory; adaptive is pathogen-specific and provides lasting immunity.
- Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, responding rapidly and broadly to a wide range of pathogens.
Immunocompetent Cell Development
- Positive selection involves the survival of T cells that can adequately recognize self-MHC molecules.
- Negative selection eliminates T cells that strongly react to self-antigens, reducing the risk of autoimmune diseases.
CD4+ T Cell Subsets
- Helper T cells (TH1): Activate macrophages and assist in cell-mediated immunity.
- Helper T cells (TH2): Stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and support humoral immunity.
- Regulatory T cells (Tregs): Maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune responses.
- Memory T cells: Long-lived cells that provide rapid responses upon re-exposure to antigens.
- Follicular Helper T cells (TFH): Aid in the formation of germinal centers and promote B cell differentiation.
B Cell Maturation
- Pro-B cells differentiate into precursor B cells following the rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes.
- Pre-B cells undergo further maturation to become naive B cells before encountering antigens.
- Upon activation by antigens, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which produce large amounts of antibodies.
Cytotoxic T Cell Mechanism
- Cytotoxic T cells recognize infected or cancerous cells through the interaction of T cell receptors (TCR) with peptide-MHC class I complexes.
- Killing of target cells is achieved via the release of perforin and granzymes, promoting apoptosis in the infected or abnormal cell.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of adaptive immunity in this engaging quiz. You'll compare adaptive and innate immunity, delve into the development of immunocompetent cells, and learn about various T cell subsets. Test your understanding of B cell maturation and the function of cytotoxic T cells in immune responses.
