Immunology Chapter 15 Review

Questions and Answers

Antibodies are produced by ________. (Select one)

T cells

B cells

bone marrow

plasma cells (correct)

Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by ________. (Select one)

T cells (correct)

neutrophils

bone marrow

B cells

A single antigen molecule may be composed of many individual ________. (Select one)

epitopes (correct)

MHC II

B-cell receptors

T-cell receptors

Which class of molecules is the most antigenic? (Select one)

proteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibody classes with their descriptions:

IgA = This class of antibody is found in very large amounts in mucus secretions. IgD = This class of antibody is not secreted by B cells but is expressed on the surface of naïve B cells. IgE = This class of antibody is involved in the defense against parasitic infections and involved in allergic responses. IgG = This class of antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta. IgM = This class of antibody is the first to appear after activation of B cells. Signup and view all the answers

The second critically important aspect of adaptive immunity is ________.

memory Signup and view all the answers

________ immunity involves the production of antibody molecules that bind to specific antigens.

Humoral Signup and view all the answers

The heavy chains of an antibody molecule contain ________ region segments.

constant Signup and view all the answers

The variable regions of the heavy and light chains form the ________ sites of an antibody.

antigen-binding Signup and view all the answers

MHC I molecules present ________. (Select one)

processed foreign antigens from proteasomes Signup and view all the answers

MHC II molecules present ________. (Select one)

processed foreign antigens from phagolysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found on all nucleated cells? (Select one)

MHC I Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen-presenting molecule is found only on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells? (Select one)

MHC II Signup and view all the answers

MHC molecules are used for antigen ________ to T cells.

presentation Signup and view all the answers

MHC II molecules consist of a larger α subunit and a smaller subunit called ________.

β2 microglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be a T-dependent antigen? (Select one)

protein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be a BCR? (Select one)

IgD Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not occur during the lag period of the primary antibody response? (Select one)

class switching to IgG Signup and view all the answers

________ antigens can stimulate B cells to become activated but require cytokine assistance delivered by helper T cells.

T-dependent Signup and view all the answers

T-independent antigens can stimulate B cells to become activated and secrete antibodies without assistance from helper T cells. These antigens possess ________ antigenic epitopes that cross-link BCRs.

repetitive Signup and view all the answers

What is a superantigen?

a protein that is highly efficient at stimulating a single type of productive and specific T cell response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Antibodies and Immune Cells

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells.
Cellular adaptive immunity is primarily executed by T cells.
Epitopes are individual components of a single antigen molecule.

Antigen Characteristics

Proteins are the most antigenic class of molecules, followed by polysaccharides, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies for specific antigens.

Types of Immunoglobulins

IgA: Found in large amounts in mucus secretions.
IgD: Expressed on the surface of naïve B cells, not secreted by them.
IgE: Associated with defense against parasitic infections and allergic responses.
IgG: The only antibody class that can cross the placenta.
IgM: The first antibody to respond after B cell activation.

Adaptive Immunity Concepts

Key aspects of adaptive immunity are specificity and memory.
Antibodies have constant regions in their heavy chains that define their class or isotype, and variable regions that create antigen-binding sites.

MHC Molecules and Antigen Presentation

MHC I molecules present processed foreign antigens from proteasomes.
MHC II molecules present processed foreign antigens from phagolysosomes.
MHC I is found on all nucleated cells, whereas MHC II is exclusive to macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
MHC molecules function in the presentation of antigens to T cells.

T-dependent and T-independent Antigens

T-dependent antigens, typically proteins, require cytokine support from helper T cells to activate B cells.
T-independent antigens have repetitive epitopes allowing direct activation of B cells.
Class switching to IgG does not take place during the lag period of the primary antibody response.

Superantigens

Superantigens are potent proteins that stimulate a specific type of T cell response effectively, enhancing immune system activation.

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Test your knowledge on Chapter 15 of Immunology with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms and concepts related to antibodies and cellular adaptive immunity. Perfect for students preparing for exams or wanting to reinforce their understanding of immune responses.