Immunology Chapter 1

The science of how the body protects itself from diseases and infection.

The state where the body is resistant to infection and disease.

Immunity acquired through the body's own immune response.

Immunity acquired from external sources.

Immune proteins that bind to antigens, a type of intruder.

A substance that triggers an immune response.

Specific region of an antigen that antibodies bind to.

Parts of the antigen that activate the immune system.

The body's defensive reaction to antigens.

Describes how a body is vulnerable or not vulnerable to particular diseases.

The ability of a substance to combine specifically with antibodies.

The ability of a substance to elicit an immune response.

The property of breast milk substances to combine with antibodies.

Ability of breast milk substances to cause an immune response.

Administering antibodies to provide temporary immunity.

Substances produced by a process or organism

The ability of a molecule to induce an immune response.

How effectively something works over a long period.

How effectively something works immediately.

All molecules have the ability to trigger an immune response (immunogenicity), but not all can be recognized by immune system (antigenicity).

Proteins on the surface of T cells that bind to specific molecules to trigger immune response.

Antigenicity is a part of immunogenicity. Molecules that can trigger an immune response have antigenicity.

The efficiency of something that persists throughout a lifetime.

Substances that trigger an immune response. They are typically proteins, glycoproteins, or lipoproteins.

The vast majority of immunogens are proteins.

Proteins and glycoproteins are the main types of immunogens.

No, not all proteins are immunogens. Some are very similar to our own body's proteins and don't trigger an immune response.

Lipoproteins are molecules that combine lipids (fats) and proteins.

Yes, some lipoproteins can act as immunogens.

Pure immunogens refer to isolated and purified proteins, glycoproteins, or lipoproteins that are capable of triggering an immune response.

Pure immunogens are used in vaccines to specifically target the immune system against a particular pathogen.

The body's natural, non-specific defense system that is present from birth and responds immediately to threats.

The immune system has two main types of responses: innate and adaptive immunity. These responses work together to protect the body from infection.

A substance is considered immunogenic when it can trigger an immune response. This means the body recognizes it as foreign and mounts a defense.

A substance is considered non-immunogenic when it cannot trigger an immune response on its own. The body might not recognize it as foreign or it might be too small.

Small molecules that are not immunogenic on their own but become immunogenic when bound to a larger carrier molecule. They can trigger an immune response when attached to a strong immunogen.

Many substances, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and certain nucleic acids, are immunogenic. Lipids, generally, are not immunogenic.

An immunogen is a substance that can trigger an immune response, while an antigen is any substance that can bind to an antibody. All immunogens are antigens, but not all antigens are immunogens.

A substance that can induce an immune response and create immunological memory.

The immune system has three lines of defense: First line (barriers like skin and mucus), Second line (nonspecific processes like inflammation), and Third line (adaptive immunity with specific responses).

The initial barrier against pathogens, including skin, mucous membranes, and bodily secretions.

Nonspecific immune mechanisms, like inflammation and the action of natural killer cells, that act quickly against invaders.

Adaptive immunity, where the immune system specifically recognizes and targets antigens, producing memory cells for future encounters.

The innate immune response is non-specific, meaning it acts against a broad range of pathogens, and is immediate, providing rapid protection.

The adaptive immune response is specific, targeting specific antigens, and generates immunological memory, leading to faster and stronger responses upon re-exposure.

The ability of the adaptive immune system to 'remember' specific antigens and mount a faster and more potent response upon subsequent encounters.

Inappropriate immune responses can lead to allergies or autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks the body's own cells or harmless substances.

A localized response to tissue damage caused by infection or injury, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Natural Killer (NK) cells destroy infected or cancerous cells, while phagocytes engulf and digest microbes and debris.