ch 1 Immunology Basics Quiz

What is immunology?

What does immunology primarily study?

What does the body defend itself from in immunology?

Who demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox?

What term did Edward Jenner use to describe the inoculation of healthy individuals with weakened disease-causing agents?

When was it announced that smallpox had been eradicated?

Edward Jenner demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox could protect against smallpox

The Chinese and Turks performed the first recorded attempts to induce immunity in the fifteenth century

It took almost two centuries for smallpox vaccination to become universal

Smallpox vaccination became universal shortly after Edward Jenner's successful experiment

Who first demonstrated the induction of immunity through variolation?

What did Edward Jenner demonstrate could protect against smallpox?

Who devised a vaccine against cholera in chickens?

What disease was the first human vaccine administered to protect against?

What did Louis Pasteur call the attenuated strain used as a vaccine?

Louis Pasteur devised a vaccine against cholera in chickens

Joseph Meister was inoculated with a series of attenuated rabies virus preparations

Louis Pasteur administered his first vaccine to a human in 1885

Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Baron Kitasato discovered that the serum of animals immunized to diphtheria or tetanus could transfer the immune state to unimmunized animals.

Metchnikoff hypothesized that phagocytic cells were the major effectors of immunity.

The serum contains a specific 'antitoxin activity' that confers short-lived protection against the effects of diphtheria or tetanus toxins in people.

Who demonstrated that certain white blood cells were able to phagocytize microorganisms?

Who discovered that the serum of immunized animals could transfer the immune state to unimmunized animals?

What did the serum of immunized animals contain that conferred short-lived protection against diphtheria or tetanus toxins?

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

Which pathogen causes tetanus?

Which disease is caused by a parasite?

Polio is caused by a virus

Tuberculosis is caused by a fungus

Malaria is caused by a parasite

Which of the following diseases is caused by a parasite?

Which pathogen causes tetanus?

Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus?

Immune system evolved to protect multicellular organisms from pathogens

The immune system does this by 2 related activities: Recognition and response

The immune system primarily studies the function of the brain

True or false: The immune system is divided into two systems of defense, the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system?

True or false: The innate immune system consists of macrophages, physical and chemical barriers?

True or false: The adaptive immune system consists of various cells, especially lymphocytes, and organs such as the thymus gland?

What does the innate immune system primarily consist of?

Which component is essential for providing the host with specific immunity to infectious agents?

What is the main function of the adaptive immune system?

What is the timeframe for the immune response against an antigen in innate immunity?

Which of the following is a component of innate immunity?

Which of the following is considered a less specific barrier protecting the host in innate immunity?

True or false: Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against infection?

True or false: The immune response against an antigen in innate immunity occurs within 0-12 hours after the initial exposure to that antigen?

True or false: Phagocytic cells are a component of innate immunity?

Anatomic barriers include the skin and mucous membranes

Innate immunity is primarily concerned with the body's non-specific defenses

Inflammatory barriers involve the leakage of vascular fluid and influx of phagocytic cells

Which type of barrier in innate immunity includes the skin and mucous membranes?

Which of the following is an example of a physiologic barrier in innate immunity?

What is the main function of phagocytic/endocytic barriers in innate immunity?

What is the outer layer of the skin called?

What is the waterproofing protein found in the outer epidermal layer of the skin?

Which component is NOT found in the dermis?

Is the skin composed of two distinct layers, the epidermis and the dermis?

Does the outer epidermal layer of the skin consist of dead cells filled with a waterproofing protein called keratin?

Does the dermis contain blood vessels, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands?

Sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called sebum

Sebum consists of lactic acid and fatty acids

The pH of the skin inhibits the growth of most microorganisms

What is the main function of sebum in the skin?

What is the primary function of perspiration produced by sweat glands?

What is the composition of sebum secreted by sebaceous glands?

What is the primary function of mucus in the body's tracts?

What type of cells produce mucus in the mucous membranes?

Which body systems are lined by mucous membranes?

True or false: Mucous membranes are a physical barrier that makes it difficult for pathogens to invade internal body systems?

True or false: Mucus prevents the body's tracts from drying out?

True or false: Mucus traps microbes from entering and spreading through the mucous membrane lined body's tracts?

Saliva, tears, and mucous secretions act to wash away potential invaders and also contain antibacterial or antiviral substances.

The skin and mucous membranes are the only physical barriers that protect epithelial surfaces.

Innate immunity plays a role in providing the first line of defense against infection.

Chickens have innate immunity to anthrax because their high body temperature inhibits the growth of the bacteria.

Gastric acidity is an innate physiologic barrier to infection because very few ingested microorganisms can survive the low pH of the stomach contents.

Vomiting and diarrhea act to flush harmful microbes and their chemical products from the digestive tract.

What is a primary physiologic barrier in innate immunity?

What is the primary function of gastric juice in innate immunity?

How do vomiting and diarrhea contribute to innate immunity?

What is the primary function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

What is the main function of interferon in innate immunity?

What is the primary function of complement in innate immunity?

Lysozyme is a hydrolytic enzyme found in mucous secretions and in tears.

Interferon is not involved in innate immunity.

Complement is a group of serum proteins that circulate in an active state.

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis.

Phagosomes are formed when a cell's plasma membrane expands around particulate material.

Most phagocytosis is conducted by specialized cells such as blood monocytes, neutrophils, and tissue macrophages.

What is the general term for the uptake by a cell of material from its environment?

Which cells conduct most phagocytosis in the body?

What are large vesicles formed when a cell's plasma membrane expands around particulate material called?

What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?

What major event of the inflammatory response results in tissue redness and an increase in tissue temperature?

What is responsible for engorgement of the capillary network and tissue redness in the inflammatory response?

What substance has a much higher protein content than fluid normally released from the vasculature?

What is the main mediator of the inflammatory response released by various cells in response to tissue injury?

What are small peptides normally present in blood plasma in an inactive form and are important inflammatory mediators?

What is the result of variability in the structures of the antigen-binding sites of lymphocyte receptors for antigens?

Which characteristic of adaptive immunity refers to the immune system's ability to respond again to a foreign antigen upon re-exposure?

What is the primary outcome of an inappropriate response to self molecules by the immune system?

What type of immune response is mediated by molecules in the blood called antibodies?

Which cells specifically recognize microbial antigens and neutralize the infectivity of microbes in humoral immunity?

What is the principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins?

Adaptive immune responses are mediated by molecules in the blood called antibodies

Antibodies are produced by cells called T lymphocytes

Humoral immunity is the principal defense mechanism against extracellular microbes and their toxins

Cell-mediated immunity is also known as humoral immunity.

Cell-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for defense against intracellular microbes.

T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes.

What is the main function of cell-mediated immunity?

Which type of microbes are targeted by cell-mediated immunity?

What are the cells responsible for mediating cell-mediated immunity?

What is another name for cell-mediated immunity?

Which type of microbes does cell-mediated immunity primarily defend against?

What is the main function of T lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity?

Cell-mediated immunity is primarily responsible for defense against intracellular microbes.

T lymphocytes activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes.

Circulating antibodies are effective against intracellular microbes.

•Lymphocytes involves 2 of cells: B cells and T cells

Antigen-presenting cells are not involved in the effective immune response

The innate immune system is the only line of defense against infection

What are common manifestations of immune dysfunction?

What is an example of an autoimmune disease?

What is immunodeficiency characterized by?

Immune dysfunction can lead to manifestations such as allergy, asthma, graft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune disease, and immunodeficiency. True or false?

Symptoms of allergic reactions may include sneezing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. True or false?

Graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease are consequences of immune dysfunction. True or false?