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Questions and Answers
Who coined the term 'Immunology'?
What did Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov observe for the first time?
In which year did Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov receive the Nobel Prize for his work on immunity?
Which field of medicine has applications in numerous disciplines, including organ transplantation and virology?
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What did Paul Ehrlich study that led to receiving the Nobel Prize for his work on immunity?
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What is the study of immune systems in all organisms called?
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Which of the following is an essential lymphoid organ of the immune system?
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What is the substance that ignites the immune response called?
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Which type of immune system does vertebrates possess?
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What are proteins that neutralize disease-causing microorganisms called?
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Which ancient society has a reference to the phenomenon of immunity?
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What did Thucydides note about people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease?
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The immune system has been divided into what two main components?
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What are specific proteins released from B lymphocytes called?
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Which cells are involved in recognizing antigens?
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Study Notes
Immunology and Key Contributors
- The term 'Immunology' was coined by Louis Pasteur, a pioneer in the field of microbiology.
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov first observed phagocytosis, the process by which certain cells engulf and digest pathogens.
- Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his significant contributions to the understanding of immunity.
Applications of Immunology
- Immunology has applications across various medical disciplines, notably in organ transplantation, virology, and infectious disease research.
Contributions of Paul Ehrlich
- Paul Ehrlich studied antibodies and the immune response to infectious diseases, earning the Nobel Prize for his work on immunity.
Study of Immune Systems
- The study of immune systems across all organisms is called Immunology.
Essential Components of the Immune System
- The bone marrow and thymus are essential lymphoid organs crucial for immune system development and function.
- The substance that initiates the immune response is called an antigen.
Types of Immune Systems
- Vertebrates possess an adaptive immune system, characterized by its ability to remember previous infections.
Proteins and Cells in Immunology
- Antibodies are proteins produced by B lymphocytes that neutralize disease-causing microorganisms.
- Antigen-presenting cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages, are primarily responsible for recognizing antigens.
Historical References to Immunity
- Ancient Greek society provides the earliest references to the phenomenon of immunity in historical texts.
- Thucydides noted that individuals who recovered from a disease were less likely to contract it again, indicating natural immunity.
Components of the Immune System
- The immune system is generally divided into two main components: the innate immune system, which provides immediate defense, and the adaptive immune system, which develops specific responses over time.
- Specific proteins released from B lymphocytes are referred to as immunoglobulins or antibodies.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental principles and concepts of immunology, including the functioning of the immune system, immunological disorders, and characteristics of immune system components.
