Immunology - Basic Concepts
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Immunology - Basic Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What does the interaction of an antigen with an antigen receptor induce in lymphocytes?

  • Transformation of lymphocytes into macrophages
  • Division of lymphocytes into plasma cells
  • Inhibition of immune response
  • Acquisition of effector and memory activity (correct)

    • Why is it recommended for students to read books on immunology in addition to attending lectures?

  • Lecture time is too short to cover all content (correct)
  • Books contain more up-to-date information
  • Students will have access to additional practical experiences
  • Reading aids in retaining complex information (correct)

    • Which type of microscopy shows a detailed structure of lymphocytes?

  • Confocal microscopy
  • Regular light microscopy
  • Electron microscopy (correct)
  • Fluorescence microscopy

    • What is the main function of B cell receptors?

    <p>To recognize specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advice was given to students regarding studying for immunology?

    <p>Reading after each lecture enforces comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphocytes are mentioned as having receptors in the content?

    <p>B and T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific book does the lecturer recommend for studying immunology?

    <p>Janeway's Immunobiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue arises from not studying day by day according to the lecturer?

    <p>Confusion when recalling information during exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to lymphocytes that interact with self-antigens during their developmental stage?

    <p>They receive a signal to die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of clonal selection in the immune response?

    <p>To promote the proliferation of lymphocytes that interact with foreign antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the specificity of lymphocyte receptors?

    <p>Each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with unique specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after a lymphocyte interacts with a foreign antigen with high affinity?

    <p>The lymphocyte gets activated and proliferates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true of the differentiated effector cells derived from activated lymphocytes?

    <p>They bear receptors identical to those of their parent lymphocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lymphocytes typically survive after interacting with self-antigens in the example provided?

    <p>3 out of 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the adaptive immune response?

    <p>Interaction with foreign pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does clonal deletion prevent within the immune system?

    <p>Survival of self-reactive lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the T cell receptor recognize antigens?

    <p>By binding to MHC molecules that present processed epitope fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does MHC play in T cell receptor function?

    <p>It presents processed epitopes to T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes T cell receptors from B cell receptors?

    <p>T cell receptors recognize buried epitopes within proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen to an antigen before a T cell can recognize it?

    <p>It must be processed into smaller fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cleft in MHC molecules?

    <p>To bind and present peptide fragments to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't T cells recognize the whole antigen?

    <p>Because T cells require processed fragments to identify antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean for an epitope to be buried in a protein for T cell recognition?

    <p>It must be cleaved and presented on the surface of MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do B cell receptors interact with antigens compared to T cell receptors?

    <p>B cell receptors can bind to antigens unchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do dendritic cells use to capture pathogens before bringing them to the lymph node?

    <p>Macropinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells do dendritic cells present antigens to in the lymph node?

    <p>B cells and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes the role of dendritic cells in immunity?

    <p>They activate T cells and B cells by presenting antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to T cells when a specific T cell binds to an antigen presented by a dendritic cell?

    <p>They replicate and increase in number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are primarily involved in innate immunity, as described?

    <p>Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B cells after being activated by dendritic cells?

    <p>To produce antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lymph node in the immune response as it relates to dendritic cells?

    <p>It is the site where antigen presentation occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dendritic cells communicate with T cells during the immune response?

    <p>Via protein-protein interactions on their surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lymph nodes serve in the immune system?

    <p>They act as local centers for coordinating immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do macrophages and dendritic cells contribute to immunity?

    <p>They scan the body for infections and present information to lymph nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if innate immunity successfully manages a pathogen?

    <p>There is no significant activation of adaptive immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the process leading to adaptive immunity?

    <p>The incapacity of innate immunity to handle a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B cells within lymph nodes?

    <p>To produce antibodies against pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do immature dendritic cells typically reside?

    <p>In peripheral tissues like the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key characteristic of lymph nodes?

    <p>They are distributed throughout the body as sites for immune surveillance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do antibodies have on infections?

    <p>They target and neutralize specific pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immunology - Basic Concepts

    • Studying immunology requires consistent effort; daily reviewing is crucial to avoid confusion between similar names and functions.

    • Lymphocytes, both B and T cells, have receptors that recognize specific antigens.

    • B cell receptors (BCRs) interact directly with the outer part of antigens, while T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize processed antigen fragments, mostly peptides, presented by MHC molecules.

    • The ability of the adaptive immune system to recognize foreign antigens while not attacking self-antigens is based on the clonal selection hypothesis.

    • Clonal selection hypothesis postulates that:

      The Clonal Selection Hypothesis states that each lymphocyte has a unique receptor for specific antigens. Interaction with a foreign antigen activates lymphocytes, leading to the proliferation of identical effector cells. Lymphocytes that bind to self-antigens are deleted during development. They are distributed throughout the body, with lymph nodes serving as initiation points for immune responses. Macrophages and dendritic cells detect pathogens and present them to B and T cells in lymph nodes, facilitating adaptive immune responses. Dendritic cells connect innate and adaptive immunity, while B cell activation results in antibody production and T cells assist in this process.

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    Related Documents

    Immunology Lecture 3 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers foundational concepts in immunology, focusing on the roles of lymphocytes, B cell receptors, and T cell receptors in recognizing antigens. It also delves into the clonal selection hypothesis, explaining how the adaptive immune system differentiates between self and foreign antigens. Test your understanding of these essential immunological principles.

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