Immunology and Serological Tests Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of immunity in the body?

To resist or eliminate harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells (correct)

To regulate body temperature

To enhance physical strength

To assist in digestion

Which of the following substances is classified as a foreign material?

Muscle Tissue

Fungi (correct)

Blood Cells

Neurons

What defines abnormal cells in the context of immunity?

Normal cells undergoing apoptosis

Healthy cells exposed to foreign substances

Cells that have changed from their normal form and function (correct)

Cells that are overactive

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a harmful foreign material?

Nutrient molecules Signup and view all the answers

What types of harmful substances does the diagram surrounding the body include?

A variety including viruses, toxins, and bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What are serological reactions primarily used for?

Diagnosing diseases and identifying antigens and antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Why are serological tests considered 'simple'?

They require minimal equipment and involve direct observation of reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a serological test?

Blood glucose testing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the indicator systems used in serological tests?

They are typically not required for these tests Signup and view all the answers

How do serological reactions provide results?

Through observable antigen-antibody interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of immunodiagnostic methods?

To identify and quantify specific antigens or antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What role does the antigen play in the immune response?

It triggers an immune response Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to separate molecules based on their size and charge?

Electrophoresis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a labeled antibody in immunodiagnostic methods?

To bind to a specific antigen and enable detection Signup and view all the answers

What does the blotting technique accomplish in immunodiagnostic processes?

It transfers molecules from one surface to another Signup and view all the answers

What type of test directly measures the binding of antigen to antibody?

ELISA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary binding test?

Complement Fixation Signup and view all the answers

What defines an in vivo test?

It measures protective effects of antibodies in a host. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is specifically classified as a primary binding test?

RIA Signup and view all the answers

Which type of serologic test measures the results of antigen-antibody interaction in vitro?

Secondary binding test Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would lead to the rejection of a serum or plasma specimen?

The specimen shows signs of hemolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with lipemic specimens that are collected?

They should be frozen unless specified otherwise. Signup and view all the answers

How soon must specimens be processed after collection to avoid rejection?

Within 24 hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios is acceptable for specimen handling?

Using sterile techniques for specimen collection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the storage of bacterially contaminated specimens?

They should be frozen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunity

Immunity is the body's ability to resist or eliminate harmful substances or abnormal cells.
Foreign materials include viruses, toxins, carcinogens, fungi, and bacteria.
Abnormal cells are cells that have changed from their normal form and function.

Serological Tests

Serological reactions are in vitro antigen-antibody reactions used for disease diagnosis and identifying and quantifying antigens and antibodies.
These techniques are "simple" because they directly demonstrate reactions without needing indicator systems or specialized equipment.
Some examples of these tests include agglutination reactions and precipitation reactions.

Immunodiagnostic Methods

Immunodiagnostic methods utilize antigen-antibody binding to identify and quantify specific antigens or antibodies in a sample.
These techniques often involve electrophoresis, blotting, and labeled antibodies.

Types of Serologic Tests

Primary binding tests directly measure antigen-antibody binding, like RIA and IF.
Secondary binding tests measure the results of antigen-antibody interaction in vitro, examples include precipitation and complement fixation.
In vivo tests measure the protective effect of antibodies in a host, such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.

Specimen Collection & Processing

Serum and Plasma specimens must be free of gross contamination.
Specimens should be received within 24 hours.
Hemolyzed, lipemic, or bacterially contaminated specimens should be frozen unless specifically addressed.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts of immunity, serological tests, and immunodiagnostic methods. It explores the body's ability to resist harmful substances and the various techniques used for disease diagnosis. Test your knowledge on antigen-antibody reactions and their applications in immunology.