Podcast
Questions and Answers
What process do neutrophils use to address foreign invaders?
What process do neutrophils use to address foreign invaders?
Which type of leukocyte is involved in defense against parasites?
Which type of leukocyte is involved in defense against parasites?
What attracts neutrophils during an inflammatory response?
What attracts neutrophils during an inflammatory response?
What is the characteristic of eosinophils' nuclei?
What is the characteristic of eosinophils' nuclei?
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Which category of leukocytes do neutrophils and eosinophils both belong to?
Which category of leukocytes do neutrophils and eosinophils both belong to?
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What is the function of eosinophils' granules?
What is the function of eosinophils' granules?
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Which type of leukocyte is not phagocytic?
Which type of leukocyte is not phagocytic?
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What is the primary function of histamine released by basophils and mast cells?
What is the primary function of histamine released by basophils and mast cells?
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What is the primary site of maturation for T lymphocytes?
What is the primary site of maturation for T lymphocytes?
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What is the primary function of mast cells?
What is the primary function of mast cells?
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What type of response is characterized by increased permeability of blood vessels and contraction of smooth muscles?
What type of response is characterized by increased permeability of blood vessels and contraction of smooth muscles?
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What is the primary method by which basophils and mast cells respond to parasitic infections?
What is the primary method by which basophils and mast cells respond to parasitic infections?
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What is the function of phagocytes in the body?
What is the function of phagocytes in the body?
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What happens to monocytes when they pass out of the blood vessels and become fixed in tissue?
What happens to monocytes when they pass out of the blood vessels and become fixed in tissue?
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What is the term for the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy foreign particles?
What is the term for the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy foreign particles?
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What is the term for the type of phagocyte that has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus and is found in the blood?
What is the term for the type of phagocyte that has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus and is found in the blood?
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What is the term for the network of tissue-fixed phagocytic cells that are found in various organs of the body?
What is the term for the network of tissue-fixed phagocytic cells that are found in various organs of the body?
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What is the purpose of the lymphatic system in the body?
What is the purpose of the lymphatic system in the body?
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Study Notes
White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Fall into four categories: Granulocytes, Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic (killer) cells, and Phagocytes
- Some cells can belong to more than one category
Granulocytes
- Leukocytes of the myeloid series with irregularly shaped, multilobed nuclei and large intracellular granules
- Include:
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Mast cells
Neutrophils
- Stain with both acidic and basic dyes
- Also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
- Multilobed nuclei
- Attracted to inflammatory responses by chemotactic factors
- Engulf foreign invaders through phagocytosis
Eosinophils
- Stain with acidic dyes
- Bilobed nucleus
- Phagocytic cells
- Major role in defense against parasites
- Numbers increase following parasitic infection
- Secrete granules to destroy parasite membranes
Basophils
- Stain with basic dyes
- Lobed nucleus
- Not phagocytic
- Synthesize and store histamine
- Involved in immediate hypersensitivity and inflammatory reactions
Mast Cells
- Formed in bone marrow, released into blood, and differentiate in tissues
- Contain granules with histamine, cytokines, and enzymes
- Release granules upon stimulation by an allergen
- Produce local responses characteristic of an allergic reaction
Lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes mature in adult bone marrow
- T lymphocytes mature in thymus
- Each lymphocyte has receptor molecules specific for a single antigen
Phagocytes
- Cells capable of phagocytosis
- Engulf and destroy foreign particles such as bacteria, blood cells, etc.
- Include:
- Monocytes (mononuclear phagocytes)
- Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear neutrophils, PMNs)
Mononuclear Phagocyte System
- Formed by macrophages
- Includes:
- Kupffer cells in the liver
- Alveolar macrophages in the lung
- Splenic macrophages
- Peritoneal macrophages
- Microglial cells in the brain
- Osteoclasts in the bones
- Dendritic cells in the lymphoid organs
- Langerhans cells in the skin
- Mesangial cells in the kidneys
Lymphatic System
- Blood enters the arterial end of capillaries under high pressure
- Fluid leaks continuously from blood to interstitial fluid
- Relevant for learning outcome 2: Describe the lymphatic system
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Description
This quiz covers the immune system's response to parasites, inflammatory reactions, and the role of different cell types such as basophils and mast cells. It also touches on the release of histamine and its effects on allergic reactions.
