Immunology and Inflammation Quiz

A condition where blood flow is restricted, leading to tissue damage.

A severe infection caused by Clostridia bacteria in anaerobic conditions, producing gas in tissues.

Gangrene resulting from ischaemia, often modified by bacterial action and leukocyte activity.

Includes vascular diseases like atherosclerosis, embolism, trauma, frostbite, and chemicals.

Ischaemic gangrene caused by prolonged pressure on skin, leading to necrosis.

Programmed cell death involving the elimination of defective cells through energy-dependent mechanisms.

Gangrene affecting internal organs due to mechanical or vascular issues.

Obstruction of an artery caused by a blood clot or foreign material traveling through the bloodstream.

Signaling molecules that mediate communication between cells.

Cytokines secreted by sensitized T-helper lymphocytes.

Cytokines that mediate local reactions between leukocytes.

Group of proteins aiding in immune response via a cascade effect.

Cells from monocytes that perform phagocytosis and produce cytokines.

White blood cells that mature in the thymus and have specific roles.

Cells that mature in the bone marrow and produce antibodies.

Cytokine that stimulates vessel growth while inhibiting tumors.

Small lesions form in specific lung areas due to TB infection.

Immune response that develops 10-14 days after TB exposure, mobilizing macrophages.

A lesion complex from primary TB, consisting of the Ghon focus and lymph node involvement.

Subpleural lesion at the base of the upper lobe or top of the lower lobe, often caseous.

Necrotizing tissue death that produces a cheese-like appearance in granulomas in TB.

Clusters of macrophages that form in response to TB infection, indicating inflammation.

Primary occurs during first infection; secondary is reactivation or reinfection later.

Occurs when dormant TB bacteria, hidden in macrophages, become active due to immune weakness.

Bacteria that produce hyaluronidase to break down connective tissue and invade tissues.

Inflammation caused by organisms that grow on mucous membranes, producing toxins and forming a false membrane.

Inflammation with excess fluid exudate, affecting serous membranes and causing fibrin deposition.

Acute inflammation of mucous membranes leading to excess secretion from mucous glands.

Loss of surface epithelium with necrosis, provoking inflammatory response in underlying tissue.

Collection of pus due to bacterial infection; involves tissue damage, necrosis, and inflammation.

Using ice packs to decrease inflammation and pain by reducing blood flow and metabolic demand.

Applying heat to inflamed tissue, increasing temperature to promote blood flow and healing.

Bone death due to interrupted blood supply, leading to osteoarthritis.

Calcium deposition in dead or degenerate tissue with normal serum levels.

Calcium deposition in normal tissue with high serum calcium levels.

Burn affecting only the epidermis, with complete healing expected.

Burn into the upper dermis, preserving some skin structures for rapid healing.

Burn into the lower dermis causing damage to some skin structures.

Burn that extends into the hypodermis, causing pain loss and no regeneration.

Focus on epithelial regeneration with minimal scarring and timely interventions.

A condition in newborns caused by maternal syphilis infection, leading to severe complications.

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in fetal compartments, often leading to cardiac failure.

Excessive accumulation of amyloid proteins in tissues, affecting organ function.

Type of systemic amyloidosis associated with plasma cell disorders like myeloma.

Amyloidosis linked to chronic inflammatory conditions like tuberculosis or autoimmune diseases.

Laminated calcifications seen in granulomas, significant for sarcoidosis diagnosis.

Stellate inclusions found in giant cells, characteristic of sarcoidosis.

The process of restoring tissue integrity after injury, involving regeneration and repair.

Replacement of damaged cells by identical cells, requiring intact connective tissue framework.

Formation of fibrous tissue in response to permanent cell damage or lack of framework.

Initial phase of wound healing characterized by clot formation and inflammation.

New connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form at the site of wound healing.

Proteins like laminin and fibronectin that help cells adhere to extracellular matrix.

Healing method where wound edges are kept closely together, facilitating quicker recovery.

Time taken for skin to regain its utmost strength post-injury, typically weeks to months.