Immunology and Blood Types Quiz

<p>Indirect Coombs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AIDS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signaling CD8 to activate cytotoxic T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O-, A-, B-, AB- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells and its presence or absence is determined by a single gene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HIV differentiation immunoassay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor treatment effectiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type AB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Donor antibodies are usually in lower concentrations and diluted by the recipient's plasma, causing minimal damage to recipient red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the presence of antibodies against red blood cells in a patient's blood, which can be a sign of a blood transfusion reaction or an autoimmune disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryoprecipitate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates a possible bacterial infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prothrombin time (PT)/International Normalized Ratio (INR) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carry oxygen to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of the complement system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primarily mediated by T-cell overactivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates infection during gestation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoclonal antibodies target a single epitope of the same antigen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic contact dermatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune diseases involve an overactive immune system, while immunodeficiency disorders involve an inadequate immune system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of inflammatory markers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To categorize the various types of hypersensitivity reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DAT confirms immune-mediated hemolytic anemia by testing if there are antibodies against the patient's own RBCs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify if antibodies against RBCs exist in the patient's serum by testing the reaction with RBCs with predetermined antigens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the patient's ABO grouping and Rh type and screen for common antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Type and Screen' only determines blood type and screens for common antibodies, while 'Type and Cross' involves an indirect Coombs test to assess compatibility with donor blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packed Red Blood Cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients with low platelet counts at risk of spontaneous bleeding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The new method results in concentrated platelets from a single donor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O negative blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Substances that trigger the immune response; antibodies are proteins produced against these antigens.

Different classes of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, each with distinct roles in immune response.

The body's defense reaction involving cell-mediated and humoral immunity to pathogens.

Four types of abnormal immune reactions: Type I (allergic), Type II (cytotoxic), Type III (immune complex), Type IV (delayed).

HIV is a virus transmitted through bodily fluids; important tests include ELISA and Western blot for diagnosis.

A rare immunodeficiency disorder that affects white blood cells and leads to increased infections.

A genetic disorder where white blood cells cannot kill certain bacteria, leading to repeated infections.

Immune cells crucial for signaling other immune responses, especially in HIV.

A test that confirms HIV infection and distinguishes its type using antibody detection.

Measures the health of the immune system; <200 indicates AIDS, higher shows better response to treatment.

Classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B.

Blood type that lacks A and B antigens but has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, making it a universal donor.

Rules for transfusions: Type O can donate to anyone, AB can receive from anyone; others have specific pairs.

Erythrocyte antigen discovered in rhesus monkeys, indicating blood type positivity or negativity.

Percentage distribution of blood types in the population, e.g., O+ is most common.

Incompatible blood exposure leading to clumping and hemolysis of RBCs, potentially fatal.

Test that checks for antibodies against RBCs, used for conditions like jaundice.

The clumping of red blood cells due to antigen-antibody interaction during transfusion.

A blood product rich in clotting factors used for patients with bleeding and factor deficiencies.

A blood product obtained from FFP, containing concentrated factors such as VIII and fibrinogen.

Conditions where specific clotting factors are lacking, causing bleeding issues.

Cell fragments in blood crucial for clotting; measured for bleeding disorders.

Clinical situations that warrant the use of plasma or platelets for treatment.

A reagent used to detect antibodies against RBCs.

Test that checks if antibodies are attacking a patient’s RBCs.

Test for antibodies in serum that react with RBC antigens.

Condition where the immune system destroys RBCs.

Procedure determining blood type (ABO and Rh) and common antibodies.

Combines type and screen with a compatibility test with donor blood.

Concentrated red blood cells used for transfusion in low Hgb situations.

Concentrated platelets from a single donor, used to prevent bleeding.

Signaling proteins released by cells that affect other cells in the immune response.

Cells that display antigens to T-cells, initiating an immune response.

Immune cells that produce antibodies; include memory B-cells and plasma B-cells.

Another term for antibodies, proteins that help identify and neutralize pathogens.

The most abundant antibody in serum, crucial for immune defense and can cross the placenta.

An antibody found in mucosal areas like tears and saliva; protects mucosal surfaces.

The first antibody produced in response to infection, crucial for blood grouping.

An antibody associated with allergic reactions and responses to parasites.

An exaggerated immune response that can lead to discomfort or severe reactions.

Immediate allergic reaction mediated by IgE; includes asthma and anaphylaxis.

Antibody-mediated reaction where self-cells are attacked; includes transfusion reactions.

Immune complex-mediated reaction where antibodies bind to antigens leading to inflammation.

T-cell mediated delayed response leading to tissue damage and inflammation.

Conditions where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues; often have high inflammatory markers.