Immunology 101: Blood Composition and Leukocytes Formation
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Questions and Answers

Which type of leukocytes are granulocytes?

  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
  • Neutrophils (correct)

What is the composition of the middle layer in centrifuged blood, known as the buffy coat?

  • Leukocytes and platelets (correct)
  • Hemoglobin
  • Plasma
  • Erythrocytes

What is the percentage of the sample that the buffy coat occupies in centrifuged blood?

  • 10%
  • 44%
  • Less than 1% (correct)
  • 25%

Which leukocytes are categorized as non-phagocytes?

<p>Lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between innate and acquired immunity?

<p>Innate immunity is present at birth while acquired immunity develops over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes are classified as phagocytes?

<p>Monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do activated B-cells transform into?

<p>Plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of an antibody?

<p>Y-shaped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocyte is characterized by having multi-lobed nuclei?

<p>Neutrophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocytes are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of leukocyte formation called?

<p>Leukopoiesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves the use of antibodies?

<p>Acquired immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cells are mainly responsible for fighting bacterial infections?

<p>Neutrophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cells are primarily involved in combating parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most lymphocytes develop?

<p>Peripheral lymphoid organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eosinophils?

<p>Inflammation reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cells is responsible for releasing primarily histamine and other chemicals like bradykinin and serotonin?

<p>Basophils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is characterized by specific defenses and the production of circulating antibodies?

<p>Humoral immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are B lymphocytes primarily produced?

<p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Plasmablasts" are activated B lymphocytes that eventually develop into:

<p>&quot;Plasma cells&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"IgG" antibodies account for approximately what percentage of total antibodies and have the ability to cross the placenta?

<p>~75%, able to cross placenta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of MHC-I molecules?

<p>Present foreign peptides to cytotoxic T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells?

<p>Kill infected or abnormal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cells are mainly responsible for presenting foreign peptides to helper T cells?

<p>Macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocytes are primarily responsible for releasing histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, and other substances involved in allergic reactions?

<p>Basophils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils among leukocytes?

<p>Phagocytic activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocytes are mainly responsible for combating parasitic infections and have weak phagocytic activity?

<p>Eosinophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most B lymphocytes originate from?

<p>Bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the antibody structure is responsible for the specificity of the antibody?

<p>Variable portion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunoglobulin is involved in opsonization and crosses the placenta?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"Plasmablasts" are activated B lymphocytes that eventually develop into:

<p>Plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leukocytes are categorized as non-phagocytes?

<p>Basophils (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do most lymphocytes develop?

<p>Thymus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of MHC-I molecules?

<p>Presenting foreign peptides to helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity involves specific defense mechanisms including humoral immunity and cellular immunity?

<p>Acquired Immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine primarily stimulates the differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes?

<p>Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of basophils?

<p>Releasing histamine and other chemicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do granulocytes and monocytes primarily develop?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leukocytes are classified as non-phagocytes?

<p>Lymphocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of an erythrocyte (red blood cell)?

<p>Biconcave disc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Granulocytes

A type of leukocyte that contains granules in their cytoplasm.

Buffy coat

The middle layer in centrifuged blood made up of leukocytes and platelets.

Leukocytes

White blood cells involved in immune responses.

Lymphocytes

A type of leukocyte that is categorized as non-phagocytic.

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Innate immunity

Immunity that is present at birth and does not require prior exposure.

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Monocytes

A type of leukocyte classified as phagocytes, involved in cleaning up infections.

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Plasma cells

Activated B-cells that produce antibodies.

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Antibody shape

The Y-shaped structure of antibodies binding to antigens.

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Neutrophils

Granulocytes characterized by multi-lobed nuclei; main defense against bacteria.

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Eosinophils

Leukocytes involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections; have weak phagocytic activity.

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Leukopoiesis

The process of forming leukocytes in the bone marrow.

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Acquired immunity

Immunity that develops over time, involving specific responses and antibodies.

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B lymphocytes

Type of white blood cell that primarily produces antibodies; originates in bone marrow.

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Basophils

Leukocytes involved in allergic responses, releasing histamine and other mediators.

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Humoral immunity

Type of immunity characterized by specific defenses and antibody production.

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MHC-I molecules

Molecules that present foreign peptides to cytotoxic T cells for recognition.

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Cytotoxic T cells

Type of T cell responsible for killing infected or abnormal cells.

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Macrophages

Phagocytes that present foreign peptides to helper T cells.

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Histamine

A chemical released by basophils that causes inflammation and allergic reactions.

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Neutrophil function

Main function is phagocytic activity against pathogens.

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Variable portion of antibodies

The part of an antibody that determines its specificity for an antigen.

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IgG antibodies

Most common type of antibody, around 75%, capable of crossing the placenta.

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Thymus

Organ where many T lymphocytes develop.

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Colony-stimulating factors (CSF)

A cytokine that stimulates differentiation of neutrophils and monocytes.

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Bone marrow

Primary site of development for leukocytes including B lymphocytes and granulocytes.

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Eosinophils function

Mainly combat parasitic infections and reduce inflammation.

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