Immunologically-mediated Disease

Which of the following best describes the relationship between basic immunological principles and immunopathology?

In immunology, what does 'tolerance' primarily signify?

During which life stage is immunological tolerance most readily developed?

Which of the following is an example of central tolerance?

What is the primary mechanism behind peripheral tolerance?

Which cell type is associated with the induction of tolerance in the gut?

How does the thymus contribute to immunological self-tolerance?

What is a key distinction between autoimmunity and autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is considered a possible mechanism for the development of autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is a general characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

Autoimmunity can involve which aspect of the adaptive immune response?

What is thought to be a key factor by some researchers regarding autoimmunity?

What term defines the normal immune response to a foreign antigen from the same species?

Which of the following is a clinically significant alloantigen system?

In the context of maternal-fetal alloimmunity, which alloantigen system is most commonly associated with alloimmune disease of the newborn?

What is the primary mechanism of action of Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM) in preventing maternal-fetal alloimmunity?

Which of the following blood components is NOT considered a blood product?

Besides transfusions, which other allograft mentioned can cause alloimmunity?

Which of the following is associated with hyperacute organ rejection?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of acute organ rejection?

What is a component of chronic organ rejection?

What is a hallmark of Cyclosporine A?

How Steroids cross the cell mebrane?

Which of the following is a recognized side effect of GC (Glucocorticoid) therapy?

When classifiying an Immunologically-mediated disease, what are the key things to assess?

What is a shared characteristic of all four types of hypersensitivity reactions (Coombs and Gell classification)

What is the immunological definition of allergy?

In the context of allergy, what does 'sensitization' refer to?

Which of the following is an example of a pharmacological effect that is an expected reaction when administering drugs?

Which hypersensitivity type is associated with IgE?

What is a classic symptom caused by release of products from Mast Cell Degranulation?

What is the mechanism of damage for Type II Cytotoxic Allergy?

What is a hallmark of Type III: Immune Complex Disease?

Which cells can be considered Immune Effectors for Type IV: Cell-mediated Allergy

A skin test for tuberculosis is considered what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

To establish tolerance as a clinical goal, which therapeutic intervention is commonly pursued?

Which of the following is a characteristic of central tolerance?

What is the primary mechanism behind peripheral tolerance involving T cells?

Which type of immune cells are typically associated with inducing tolerance in the gut?

What is an notable characteristic of autoimmunity?

Which event is considered a possible mechanism for the development of autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is often associated with autoimmune diseases?

Alloimmunity is best described as an immune response directed against:

Which of the following alloantigen systems is most clinically significant in the context of blood transfusions?

In maternal-fetal alloimmunity, which alloantigen system is most commonly associated with alloimmune disease of the newborn?

The primary mechanism by which Rho(D) Immune Globulin (RhoGAM) prevents maternal-fetal alloimmunity is:

Apart from transfusions, which other allograft can cause alloimmunity?

Hyperacute organ rejection primarily involves:

Acute organ rejection is mainly mediated by:

Chronic organ rejection is characterized by which factor?

How does Cyclosporine A (CsA) exert it's effects?

How do Glucocorticoids (Steroids) cross the cell membrane?

Which of the following is a known side effect of Glucocorticoid (GC) therapy?

When an immunologically-mediated disease is classified, what are the key things to assess?

What is a key pathological aspect shared among Type I, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions?

Which situation is best described as Allergy?

What immunological event does 'sensitization' specifically refer to in Type I allergy?

Which event corresponds to a pharmacological effect that is expected and predictable but not allergic?

In Type I hypersensitivity, what specific antibody isotype is primarily involved?

In the context of type I hypersensitivity allergic response, what is the role of histamine?

What is the main mechanism of cell damage in Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions?

Which factor characterizes Type III immune complex hypersensitivity reactions?

Which type of cells are immune effectors during Type IV: Cell-mediated Allergy?

A positive result in a contact dermatitis test indicates which specific type of hypersensitivity reaction?

What are the three main characteristics of Alloimmunity?

Name the three main organ rejections types

The mechanism of action Cyclosporine-A involves?

What is a result of taking steroids?

What is the key aspect of Central Tolerance

How does the concept of immunological 'Specificity' apply in the context of immunopathology?

In the context of immunological tolerance, how does the timing of antigen exposure influence tolerance induction?

Which of the following is a critical difference between central and peripheral tolerance?

How do genetic factors contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases?

How does molecular mimicry potentially initiate autoimmune disease?

Why is it difficult to avoid immunogen exposure and manage therapy in autoimmunity?

Which concept is important regarding HLA-associated diseases?

What characterizes alloantigens?

How does prior sensitization in multiply transfused patients affect their risk of transfusion reactions:

What is the immunological basis of hyperacute organ rejection?

What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporine A (CsA) and what pathway does it inhibit?

What are some of the effects of Glucocorticoids?

Why does type II hypersensitivity not involve inflammation?

In the classification of immunologically-mediated diseases, what factors are important to consider?

In Type I hypersensitivity, how does the allergen cause mast cell and basophil activation?

Which of the following is a primary objective when studying immunologically-mediated diseases?

In what scenario does the actual immune response typically result in damage to the host?

How are immunologically-mediated diseases classified, considering the source of the offending antigen?

What is the meaning of tolerance in the context of immunology?

During which period is immunological tolerance most effectively developed?

What would be the result of immunogen-induced apoptosis of double-positive T cells?

What is the outcome of immunogen-induced anergy in the absence of costimulation, in regards to the Mechanisms of Tolerance?

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit autoimmune cell function by what mechanism?

What is a fundamental feature that distinguishes autoimmunity from autoimmune disease?

Which is a possible mechanism in the development of autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is a shared trait among HLA-associated autoimmune diseases?

What is a significant challenge in treating autoimmune diseases?

How can autoimmunity involve the adaptive immune response?

What is the proper definition of alloimmunity?

What are the three clinically significant alloantigen systems?

What is the Rh alloantigen systems associated with in maternal-fetal alloimmunity?

What is the primary reason of using Rho(D) Immune Globulin to prevent maternal-fetal alloimmunity?

What is an example of alloimmunity outside of blood transfusions?

What is the primary mechanism of hyperacute organ rejection?

What is the main mechanism of acute organ rejection?

A hallmark of chronic organ rejection is...

How does Cyclosporine A (CsA) function as an immunosuppressant?

What is a recognized clinical application of glucocorticoids?

What is a known side effect of prolonged glucocorticoid therapy?

What factors are key when classifying an immunologically-mediated disease?

How does an expected pharmacological effect differ from an allergic reaction?

What is the underlying mechanism for Type I hypersensitivity reactions (immediate hypersensitivity)?

Type II hypersensitivity reactions involve which process.

Immune complexes being deposited in the blood is characteristic of _________.

Which is an immune effector in a Type IV: Cell-mediated Allergy?

What is the correct order of events?

What is the relation between IFNy and Th17 cells when discussing autoimmunity?

Tolerance in mature immunogen responsive cells induces what cells?

What mechanisms are in place to perform immunological self-tolerance?

The complement MAC complex inserts and causes cell death, while ADCC is an antibody driven cellular toxicity, which is the most relevant antibody?

How does the allergen cause mast cell and basophil activation?

Which of the following is correct regarding clinical uses of drugs and what they cause?

Which of the following is a key characteristic that distinguishes the ideal immune response from an actual immune response?

Under what circumstance might it be difficult to differentiate between protective immunity and immunologically-mediated disease?

When classifying immunologically-mediated diseases, what is considered as the source of the antigen?

In the context of classifying immunologically-mediated diseases, what does the 'Mechanism' refer to?

What does immunological tolerance primarily prevent?

During which stage of life is immunological tolerance most readily developed?

What event occurs because of immunogen-induced apoptosis of double-positive T cells, in regards to Central Tolerance?

What would be the result of immunogen-induced anergy in the absence of costimulation, in regards to Peripheral Tolerance?

Which T helper cell subset is known to inhibit autoimmune cell function by producing immunosuppressive cytokines?

What characteristic distinguishes autoimmunity from autoimmune disease?

Failure to adequately delete autoreactive clones can lead to what event?

In the context of general characteristics of autoimmune disease, what best describes the cause?

What type of immune response does autoimmunity characteristically involve?

In the context of alloimmunity, which alloantigen system is of greatest concern?

What is the primary reason for using Rho(D) Immune Globulin in maternal-fetal alloimmunity?

Apart from blood transfusions, which clinical can cause alloimmunity response?

A hallmark of chronic organ rejection involves what?

How does Cyclosporine-A function when used during transplants?

Which of the following situations is best described as allergy?

What immunological event does 'sensitization' specifically refer to?

A pharmacological effect that is expected and predictable corresponds to:

In Type I hypersensitivity, what is the role of histamine after Mast Cell Degradulation?

Complement activation by is by IgG or IgM , and ADCC, is a result of:

In the context of type IV hypersensitivity reactions, what is the primary role of $CD4^+$ T cells?

Which of the following mechanisms is involved in immunological self-tolerance?

What is a result of Type II: Cytotoxic Allergy, that targets blood cells?

To provide clinicians with more appropriate and specific therapies for auto-immune diseases, what is a primary objective when studying immunologically-mediated diseases?

Complete this senetence: 'Establishment of tolerance as a clinical goal...'

Bacterial endocarditis, Mixed cryoglobulinemia, Systemic lupus erythematosus all have what in common?

Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), Rheumatoid arthritis and Multiple sclerosis are what T-cell mediated diseases?

Which of the following would be the next immediate step after the MAC complex inserts into the target membrane?

An Idiosyncrasy is described as:

The establishment of allografts have the following in store:

In the context of immunologically-mediated tissue damage, how does an allergic response fundamentally differ from a normal immune response?

Which scenario exemplifies how the typical immune response leading to allograft rejection differs from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

If a patient exhibits symptoms indicative of an adverse drug reaction, which factor would suggest the reaction is an 'idiosyncrasy' rather than a 'side effect'?

In a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, what is the immunological basis for why cross-linking of IgE antibodies is required to initiate mast cell degranulation?

How does the mechanism of tissue damage in Type II hypersensitivity (cytotoxic) reactions differ fundamentally from that in Type I, III, and IV hypersensitivity reactions?

In Type III hypersensitivity reactions, also known as immune complex diseases, what is the primary mechanism driving tissue damage, and where does this process typically localize?

How do Th1 and Th17 cells contribute differently to the pathogenesis of immunologically-mediated tissue damage?

Central tolerance primarily involves the elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes during immune cell development. Which process exemplifies this mechanism?

Under what circumstances would a clinician consider establishing tolerance as a primary clinical goal?

In clinical settings, which treatment strategy is most aligned with the objective of inducing peripheral tolerance?

What is the mechanism that leads to tolerance within the gut?

What triggers hyperacute rejection?

If a patient has chronic organ rejection, what is a known hallmark?

Cyclosporine A acts on what pathway?

What is the MOA (mechanism of action) for Glucocorticoids (Steroids)?