Autoimmunity & Autoimmune Diseases Quiz

<p>Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corticosteroids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune disease is a consequence of autoimmunity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exposure to certain infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desensitization to self-antigens through gastrointestinal exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ankylosing spondylitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of complement through target cell lysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suppress immune responses that could damage self-tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-tolerance breakdown leading to autoimmune disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III hypersensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High levels of immune cell infiltration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-reactivity of antibodies formed against Streptococcus pyogenes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of similar antigens leading to cross-reactivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of TGF-β (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential triggering of an immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graves' Disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Areas in the body where immune responses are normally suppressed.

Substances that actively reduce immune responses.

Antibodies attacking self-tissues because of similarities to antigens.

Autoimmune disease where antibodies target heart valves after infections.

Autoimmune disease affecting red blood cells.

A type of white blood cell crucial for initiating and regulating immune responses.

A type of cytokine that acts as an immune messenger.

A substance that triggers an immune response.

A disorder where the immune system attacks platelets, causing low platelet count and increased bleeding risk.

An autoimmune disease affecting the basement membranes of the lungs and kidneys, leading to inflammation and potential organ damage.

An autoimmune disease affecting the acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.

An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism due to antibodies mimicking the action of TSH and stimulating the thyroid.

A chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks various parts of the body, forming complexes that cause inflammation and tissue damage.

The immune system attacking the body's own tissues.

A condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, causing damage and disease.

Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors can contribute to autoimmune diseases. Genetic factors may include specific gene variations like HLA-B27, while environmental factors could involve infections or exposure to certain toxins.

Autoimmune diseases can arise due to various immune mechanisms such as: * Type II hypersensitivity: Antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, causing cell destruction. * Type III hypersensitivity: Immune complexes depositing in tissues leading to inflammation. * Type IV hypersensitivity: T cell-mediated inflammation targeting specific tissues.

Oral tolerance means the immune system learns to ignore harmless antigens ingested through the mouth. It's a critical mechanism for preventing autoimmune reactions against food or gut bacteria.

Certain body sites like the brain, eyes and testes are considered immune privileged. This means they have mechanisms to limit immune responses, protecting them from inflammation.

Immunosuppression refers to reducing or suppressing the immune system's activity. This is often done using medications to prevent reactions like rejection of transplanted organs or to manage autoimmune diseases.

HLA-B27 is a specific gene associated with an increased risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a type of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine.