Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the first phase of the immunological response?
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the first phase of the immunological response?
- Bradykinin
- Cytokines (correct)
- Histamine and leukotriene
- Complement
What is the primary function of anti-inflammatory medications in the context of an immunological response?
What is the primary function of anti-inflammatory medications in the context of an immunological response?
- To stimulate the production of cytokines.
- To suppress or reduce inflammation. (correct)
- To enhance the effects of histamine.
- To directly attack pathogens.
Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, is primarily used for:
Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, is primarily used for:
- Managing long-term inflammatory diseases. (correct)
- Immediately stopping allergic reactions.
- Treating acute infections.
- Stimulating bone marrow production.
How are anti-infective medications typically classified?
How are anti-infective medications typically classified?
What is a potential consequence of antibiotic use related to the body's normal flora?
What is a potential consequence of antibiotic use related to the body's normal flora?
Why is it important to monitor blood levels when administering vancomycin or gentamicin?
Why is it important to monitor blood levels when administering vancomycin or gentamicin?
During the immunological response, what role do B cells play in the second phase?
During the immunological response, what role do B cells play in the second phase?
What is the function of T cells during the second phase of the immunological response?
What is the function of T cells during the second phase of the immunological response?
What is a potential side effect of Vancomycin and Gentamicin?
What is a potential side effect of Vancomycin and Gentamicin?
What is the purpose of taking all of a prescribed medication?
What is the purpose of taking all of a prescribed medication?
A patient with a known penicillin allergy requires antibiotic treatment. Which of the following medication classes should be avoided due to potential cross-reactivity and toxicity?
A patient with a known penicillin allergy requires antibiotic treatment. Which of the following medication classes should be avoided due to potential cross-reactivity and toxicity?
A young adult female patient is prescribed tetracycline for acne. What critical instruction should be given to this patient regarding tetracycline and a specific physiological state?
A young adult female patient is prescribed tetracycline for acne. What critical instruction should be given to this patient regarding tetracycline and a specific physiological state?
Macrolide antibiotics exert their antimicrobial effect through which primary mechanism of action?
Macrolide antibiotics exert their antimicrobial effect through which primary mechanism of action?
Which organ system is primarily responsible for the metabolism of macrolide antibiotics, necessitating monitoring of related laboratory values in patients undergoing macrolide therapy?
Which organ system is primarily responsible for the metabolism of macrolide antibiotics, necessitating monitoring of related laboratory values in patients undergoing macrolide therapy?
Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, can be administered via which of the following routes?
Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, can be administered via which of the following routes?
A patient is prescribed azithromycin. What specific laboratory values are most important to monitor during the course of treatment, particularly in patients with liver comorbidities?
A patient is prescribed azithromycin. What specific laboratory values are most important to monitor during the course of treatment, particularly in patients with liver comorbidities?
Ciprofloxacin belongs to which class of antibiotics?
Ciprofloxacin belongs to which class of antibiotics?
Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, are specifically used to treat infections caused by:
Antifungal medications, such as fluconazole, are specifically used to treat infections caused by:
Fluconazole is often prescribed for yeast infections, particularly in women who are also taking which other type of medication?
Fluconazole is often prescribed for yeast infections, particularly in women who are also taking which other type of medication?
Amoxicillin, a type of penicillin, is noted to have a 'high potential to get pregnant' in the provided notes. In the context of medication precautions, what is the most likely intended meaning of this note?
Amoxicillin, a type of penicillin, is noted to have a 'high potential to get pregnant' in the provided notes. In the context of medication precautions, what is the most likely intended meaning of this note?
Flashcards
Bradykinin, Complement, Histamine & Leukotriene, Prostaglandins
Bradykinin, Complement, Histamine & Leukotriene, Prostaglandins
Molecules involved in the first phase of the immune response.
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory
Medications that reduce inflammation.
Immunosuppressant
Immunosuppressant
Medications that suppress the immune system, like Cyclosporine.
Anti-infective/Antibiotics
Anti-infective/Antibiotics
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2nd Phase: B cells and T cells
2nd Phase: B cells and T cells
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Cytokines
Cytokines
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Antibiotic Classification
Antibiotic Classification
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Antibiotics kill health/normal flora
Antibiotics kill health/normal flora
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Vancomycin, gentamicin
Vancomycin, gentamicin
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Penicillin
Penicillin
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Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
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Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins
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Tetracycline
Tetracycline
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Macrolides
Macrolides
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Azithromycin
Azithromycin
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Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
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Fluconazole
Fluconazole
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Study Notes
- Immunological System Med
First Phase
- Bradykinin is involved
- Complement is activated
- Histamine and leukotriene are released
- Prostaglandins are produced
Second Phase
- Launch attack
- B cells record information
- T cells create cytokines
Cyto Kine
- Causes inflammation
- Attacks invaders
Anti-inflammatory
- Stops or reduces inflammation
Immunosuppressant
- Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant
- Used for long term inflammatory disease
- Suppresses bone marrow and immune response
Anti-Infective Med/Antibiotic
- Classified by mechanism of structure
- Bacteria name comes from shape
- Antibiotics kill bacteria
Antibiotics Considerations
- Check blood level
- Vancomycin and Gentamicin are antibiotics
- They are broad spectrum medicines and are very toxic
- Can be nephrotoxic and ototoxic
- If levels are too high, kidney dies
- If levels are too low, infection grows
- Antibiotics kill healthy/normal flora
- Superinfections such as yeast infections can occur during antibiotic use, be careful with all medicines.
Penicillin
- Effective against gram-positive bacteria
- Can be administered PO (Orally), topically, or IV (Intravenously)
- Amoxicillin carries a high potential to be get someone pregnant
Cephalosporin
- Very similar to penicillin, especially for patients allergic to penicillin
- Carries risk for toxicity
- Cannot be prescribed together with penicillin
Tetracycline
- Can stain teeth
- Should not be prescribed for pregnant women
Macrolide
- Inhibits reproduction of microbes by inhibiting protein synthesis
- Bactericidal/bacteriostatic
- Treats many infections
- Azithromycin can be administered PO or IV
- Metabolized by the liver, monitor liver enzymes
Quinolone
- Medication class, example is ciprofloxacin
Antifungal
- Treats fungal infections
- Fluconazole can be prescribed for women on antibiotics for yeast infections
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