Immunoglobulins Overview Quiz

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of IgA in the immune system?

To prevent attachment of viruses and bacteria to epithelial cells. (correct)

To activate the complement system in body fluids.

To mediate the inflammatory response.

To provide long-lasting immunity through memory cells.

Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for crossing the placenta?

IgA

IgG (correct)

IgE

IgM

What type of vaccine are MMR and varicella classified as?

Attenuated vaccines (correct)

Recombinant vaccines

Inactivated vaccines

Toxoid vaccines

Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in the inflammatory response?

IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a titer?

A measure of the strength of an antibody response. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes passive immunity?

Immunity acquired when antibodies are transferred from one person to another. Signup and view all the answers

Inactivated vaccines contain microbes that have been:

Killed and are unable to replicate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of booster doses in vaccination?

To enhance the immune response and maintain immunity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines uses recombinant technology?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

Memory B cells are primarily responsible for:

Making antibodies upon re-exposure to previously encountered antigens. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of administering Naloxone to a patient with physical dependence on opioids?

It causes opioid withdrawal symptoms immediately. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Ibuprofen?

A history of anticoagulant therapy. Signup and view all the answers

What potential adverse effect of Aspirin is associated with Salicylism?

Headache and tinnitus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the administration of Naloxone suggest about the patient's condition?

The patient is likely dependent on opioids. Signup and view all the answers

Which action determines the effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors compared to non-selective NSAIDs?

They are specific for inflammatory prostaglandins only. Signup and view all the answers

What potential adverse effect must be monitored in patients receiving supportive measures for opioid overdose?

Respiratory depression. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment with Celecoxib?

It is taken with milk or food to prevent ulcer formation. Signup and view all the answers

What significant nursing consideration is necessary when administering Naloxone?

Prepare resuscitative equipment for potential complications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of helper T cells in the immune system?

Activating other immune response cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is associated with Prolonged therapy with interferon alfa-2b?

Decreased liver function Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant interaction that can occur with cyclosporine?

Increased effect when taken with grapefruit juice Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Narcan (naloxone)?

Reversing opioid overdose Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is ibuprofen categorized as?

Analgesic Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for the analgesic morphine?

Binding to mu receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with the use of immunosuppressants like cyclosporine?

Increased risk of malignancies Signup and view all the answers

What role does interleukin play in the immune system?

Increasing B cells production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chronic pain?

Rapid onset Signup and view all the answers

When should ibuprofen be administered to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort?

With food or milk Signup and view all the answers

What immediate effect does naloxone have when administered to a patient with opioid dependence?

It immediately causes opioid withdrawal symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is critical for a nurse to take when administering naloxone?

Ensure resuscitative equipment is readily available. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects is primarily linked to the use of aspirin?

Salicylism leading to respiratory alkalosis. Signup and view all the answers

How does ibuprofen primarily exert its analgesic effects?

By inhibiting both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a significant contraindication for prescribing ibuprofen?

Peptic ulcer disease. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes celecoxib from traditional NSAIDs?

It selectively inhibits COX-2 to manage inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin has a long-lasting effect due to its ability to cross the placenta?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'active immunity' refer to?

Immunity achieved by vaccination or infection Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccine requires a follow-up dose to sustain immunity?

Inactivated Vaccine Signup and view all the answers

Why should live vaccines like MMR and varicella be avoided in immunocompromised patients?

They may cause severe disease due to weakened immune systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of memory B cells in the immune response?

To produce antibodies rapidly upon re-exposure to an antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a toxoid vaccine?

Contains inactivated bacterial toxins that stimulate immune response Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'booster' refer to in the context of vaccination?

A follow-up dose required to maintain immunity Signup and view all the answers

What defines passive immunity?

Preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another Signup and view all the answers

Which immunoglobulin is specifically involved in protecting mucosal tissues?

IgA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which interferon alfa-2b acts as an immunostimulant?

Enhances T cell response to antigens Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with prolonged use of interferon alfa-2b?

Neurological toxicity Signup and view all the answers

How does cyclosporine function as an immunosuppressant in transplant recipients?

Inhibits helper T cell activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when administering morphine for pain management?

Development of tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute pain from chronic pain?

Acute pain has a rapid onset and is often severe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interactions can significantly affect the absorption of cyclosporine?

Grapefruit juice increases its levels substantially Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the use of Narcan (naloxone) most critical?

For opioid overdose management Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored for patients taking ibuprofen, especially in long-term use?

Fluid retention and kidney function Signup and view all the answers

Which immunostimulant primarily increases B cell activity in the immune response?

Interleukins Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of using NSAIDs like ibuprofen regarding COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibition?

Inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2, leading to pain relief and anti-inflammatory action Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunoglobulins

IgG: Most abundant immunoglobulin, crosses placenta, protects against bacteria, toxins, and viruses, activates the complement system.
IgA: Secretory antibody, primary defense against local infections in mucosal tissues, prevents virus and bacteria attachment to epithelial cells.
IgM: First antibody produced in response to an infection, effective in forming immune complexes.
IgE: Involved in the inflammatory response, associated with allergic reactions.
Memory B cells: Produce antibodies upon re-exposure to an antigen.
Titer: Numerical measurement of antibody levels in the blood.
Booster vaccinations: Follow-up doses required to maintain immunity.

Types of Immunity

Passive Immunity: Transfer of preformed antibodies from one person to another.
Active Immunity: Body's own production of antibodies in response to actual pathogens or vaccines.

Vaccine Types

Attenuated (Live) Vaccines: Contain weakened live microbes, induce immune response without causing disease in healthy individuals (e.g., MMR, varicella).
Inactivated (Killed) Vaccines: Contain inactivated microbes, may require boosters to maintain immunity (e.g., influenza, HPV, hepatitis A).
Toxoid Vaccines: Contain inactivated toxins, stimulate antibody production against the toxin (e.g., diphtheria, tetanus).
Recombinant Technology: Use portions of organisms or proteins created through biotechnology for vaccination.

T Cell Types

Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8): Directly kill infected or cancerous cells.
Helper T Cells (CD4): Activate B cells and other immune cells.

Immunostimulants

Interferons: Boost immune response, produced via recombinant DNA technology, used to treat certain cancers and viral infections.
Interleukins: Increase B cell levels, enhancing immune responses.

Prototype Drug: Interferon alfa-2b

Class: Immunostimulant, biologic response modifier.
Uses: Treats cancers, HPV, hepatitis B and C.
Adverse Effects: Flu-like symptoms, depression, hepatotoxicity.

Echinacea purpurea

Herbal remedy that increases phagocytosis and has some antiviral activity.

Patient Considerations Before Drug Administration

Thorough health history assessment required (diseases, current medications, immunization history).
Monitor baseline vital signs.

Immunosuppressants

Required for organ transplantation to prevent rejection.
Prototype Drug: Cyclosporine
- Class: Immunosuppressant, calcineurin inhibitor.
- Actions: Inhibits helper T cells, often used with corticosteroids.
- Adverse Effects: Increased risk of malignancies and infections, reduced urine output.

Pain Management

Nociceptors: Pain receptors that send signals to the spinal cord and brain.
Pain types:
- Acute Pain: Rapid onset, severe intensity (8+/10).
- Chronic Pain: Long-term, harder to manage.

Opioid Mechanism

Mu and Kappa Receptors: Targeted for pain relief.
Naloxone (Narcan): Antidote for opioid overdose; reverses effects but may induce withdrawal symptoms.

Common Analgesics

Morphine: Strong pain reliever for severe pain; risks include respiratory depression.
Ibuprofen: NSAID that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, used for mild to moderate pain and inflammation; adverse effects include GI issues.
Aspirin: NSAID with anticoagulant properties; risks include GI bleeding and Reye syndrome.
Celecoxib: COX-2 inhibitor, used for inflammation; take with food to reduce ulcer risk.

General Nursing Considerations

Administer with food/milk to minimize GI distress.
Monitor for signs of bleeding and kidney function.
PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) requires double verification by nurses for setup and dosing.