30 Questions
Which enzyme hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall components, killing those cells?
Lysozyme
What is the main function of complement in innate immunity?
Aiding removal of bacteria by reacting with bacterial surface components
What is the characteristic of adaptive immune responses that sets them apart from innate immunity?
Specific microbial invaders
What is the primary function of natural killer cells in innate immunity?
Killing virus-infected cells
What is the role of antibodies in the immune response to antigens?
Interacting specifically with antigenic determinants
In what way do adaptive immune responses differ from innate immunity?
Involvement of B and T lymphocytes
What is the main function of the immune system?
To protect the organism from the effects of all nonself substances
Which type of immunity involves immediate, nonspecific actions?
Innate immunity
Which cells destroy various unhealthy host cells?
Natural killer cells
What do Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on leukocytes allow?
Recognition and binding of surface components of invaders
Which leukocytes remove invaders that manage to penetrate physical barriers?
Neutrophils
What is the term for the immune response that is adaptive and acquired?
(Acquired) Adaptive immunity
What is the function of Helper T cells?
Producing cytokines that promote differentiation of B cells into plasma cells
Which molecule do Helper T cells bind to with their TCR for promoting immune responses?
MHC class II molecules
What is the specific function of CTLs?
Killing infected or abnormal cells
Which coreceptor is involved in the binding of CTLs to specific antigens?
CD8
Why are T lymphocytes said to be MHC restricted?
Because they recognize antigenic peptides only when presented as part of MHC molecules
What is a characteristic feature of memory helper T cells?
They allow a more rapid response if the antigen appears again later
Where are MHC class II proteins synthesized and transported to the cell surface?
In cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and certain other cells under some conditions
What is the function of MHC class I molecules presenting 'self-antigens' on the surfaces of cells?
To ignore those cells by T cells
Which cells are responsible for antigen presentation to lymphocytes?
Dendritic cells and lymphocytes
What is the role of interferon-γ in certain local cells during inflammation?
Inducing the expression of MHC class II molecules
What is the primary function of T-cell receptors (TCRs)?
Binding antigens directly
Where do B lymphocytes mature and differentiate further?
In the bone marrow
Which part of the antibody molecule is recognized by cell surface receptors on basophils and mast cells?
Constant Fc region
Which class of antibody is highly soluble, stable, and able to cross the placental barrier into the fetal circulation?
IgG
Which antibody class is mainly produced in an initial response to an antigen and is the most effective in activating the complement system?
IgM
Which immunoglobulin is much less abundant in the circulation and exists bound at its Fc region to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, triggering allergic reactions?
IgE
What is the least abundant immunoglobulin in plasma and acts as an antigen receptor in triggering B-cell activation?
IgD
Which action of antibodies refers to the ability to bind specifically and neutralize certain viral particles and bacterial toxins, agglutinate many bacterial cells, and precipitate most soluble antigens?
Opsonization
Test your knowledge about the structure and functions of immunoglobulins, including the design of antibody molecules, the Fc region, and their recognition by cell surface receptors. This quiz covers essential concepts related to immunoglobulins.
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