Small molecule drug discovery primer section 1,2

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Which regulatory body in the United States is responsible for drug regulation?

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (correct)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The National Institutes of Health (NIH)

During which stage of drug development is the drug tested in humans and studied for its safety and efficacy?

Stage 2: Preclinical Development
Stage 5: Post-Market Safety Monitoring
Stage 3: Clinical Development (correct)
Stage 4: Regulatory Review

Which of the following is true about small molecule drugs?

They have high specificity for their target.
They have a high molecular weight of more than 900 Daltons.
They can easily cross the cell membranes. (correct)
They are more complex than large molecule drugs.

What is immunogenicity?

The ability of a drug to induce an immune response in the body. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is the most common form of drug administration according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?

Oral (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of drug discovery and development involves monitoring the drug's performance once released into the market?

Pharmacovigilance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a small molecule drug?

A drug that is less complex than large molecule drugs and has low specificity to its target. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application in the drug development process?

To obtain FDA approval for clinical trials (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the average time frame, in years, from drug discovery to the approval of a medicine?

12-15 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of small molecule drugs?

They are highly immunogenic (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is efficiency in drug development critical for commercial success?

It reduces the cost of drug development (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the specificity of small molecule drugs?

Small molecule drugs have low specificity due to their size. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of small molecule drugs in terms of permeability?

Small molecule drugs can easily cross the cell membranes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life range of small molecule drugs?

4 to 6 hours (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about large molecule drugs?

Large molecule drugs have high specificity to their target. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between efficacy and effectiveness of a drug?

Efficacy is a measure of the ability of a drug to provide benefit in a controlled laboratory setting, while effectiveness is a measure of the ability of a drug to provide benefit in a real-world population. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between small molecule drugs and large molecule drugs?

Small molecule drugs have high permeability and shorter half-life than large molecule drugs. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the first step in the drug discovery process?

Target Identification (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Drug Target Validation?

To confirm the function of the identified drug target (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is druggability analysis used for in drug discovery?

To confirm the function of the drug target (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of lead candidate optimization?

To optimize lead candidates (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the drug discovery process involves screening large libraries of compounds?

Candidate Identification (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which databases are commonly used for drug target identification?

DrugBank and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for drug target identification using genetic evaluation?

CRISPR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drug target identification?

To evaluate potential drug targets (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of reproducibility in target validation?

It ensures that the same experiments, environment, and parameters give the same results (D) Signup and view all the answers