Immunofluorescence in Glomerular Lesions

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What is the characteristic immunofluorescence pattern of antigen-antibody complexes in glomerular lesions?

Homogeneous deposition

Linear deposition

Speckled pattern

Granular pattern (correct)

Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by loss of BM polyanions and reduced negative charge on the membrane?

Minimal Change GN (correct)

Membranous GN

Focal Segmental GN

Post-infectious GN

What is the common complication of Minimal Change GN?

Hematuria

Proteinuria (correct)

Nephritic syndrome

Hypertension

What is the likely cause of Minimal Change GN?

Immunologic attack (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic electron microscopy finding in Minimal Change GN?

Fusion of foot processes (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is responsible for linear deposition of immune complexes in glomerular lesions?

Anti-GBM antibody (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of antibody-mediated glomerular injury in situ?

Antigen-antibody complexes in the glomerulus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T-lymphocytes in Minimal Change GN?

Production of cytokines (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of treatment for diabetic nephropathy?

Managing hypertension and hyperglycemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of minimal change disease?

Loss of polyanions on the basement membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of glycation in diabetic nephropathy?

Hyaline arteriosclerosis of the efferent artery, GBM thickening and dilation of the afferent artery (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pyelonephritis?

Inflammation of the kidney mostly due to bacterial infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of diabetic nephropathy that leads to reduced GFR?

Glomerular damage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by in situ Ag-Ab complexes?

Membranous glomerulonephritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of diabetic nephropathy characterized by hyperfiltration?

Early stage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by anti-GBM antibody?

Goodpasture's syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of immunofluorescence in membranous GN?

Linear Immune Complex along BM (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of iron deficiency anemia in patients with membranous GN?

Chronic blood loss (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of damage to the GBM in membranous GN?

BM thickening and inflammation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of hyperglycemia on the efferent arterioles in diabetic nephropathy?

Constriction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic histopathological feature of diabetic nephropathy?

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term effect of diabetic nephropathy on the glomerular filtration rate?

Decreased GFR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of non-enzymatic glycation of protein in diabetic nephropathy?

Glycation of basement membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final outcome of the progression of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy?

Consumption of the entire glomerulus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the concentration of protein in urine in pre-renal causes?

Reduced tissue perfusion leading to reduced GFR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of glucose in urine?

Renal glycosuria (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hallmark of liver disease?

Presence of urobilinogen in urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of hematuria in urine?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dysmorphic RBC and intact RBC in urine analysis?

Dysmorphic RBC is seen in glomerular disorders, while intact RBC is seen in post-renal disorders (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of myoglobin in urine?

Rhabdomyolysis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Bence Jones protein and other proteins in urine analysis?

Bence Jones protein is detectable by electrophoresis, while other proteins are detectable by dipstick (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of hyaline casts in urine?

Reduced tissue perfusion leading to reduced GFR (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?

Basic pH of urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of Polyuria?

Defective renal concentration ability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of stone formed in Nephrolithiasis?

Calcium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of supersaturation of solute in urine?