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Questions and Answers
What is the characteristic immunofluorescence pattern of antigen-antibody complexes in glomerular lesions?
What is the characteristic immunofluorescence pattern of antigen-antibody complexes in glomerular lesions?
- Homogeneous deposition
- Linear deposition
- Speckled pattern
- Granular pattern (correct)
Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by loss of BM polyanions and reduced negative charge on the membrane?
Which type of glomerulonephritis is characterized by loss of BM polyanions and reduced negative charge on the membrane?
- Minimal Change GN (correct)
- Membranous GN
- Focal Segmental GN
- Post-infectious GN
What is the common complication of Minimal Change GN?
What is the common complication of Minimal Change GN?
- Hematuria
- Proteinuria (correct)
- Nephritic syndrome
- Hypertension
What is the likely cause of Minimal Change GN?
What is the likely cause of Minimal Change GN?
What is the characteristic electron microscopy finding in Minimal Change GN?
What is the characteristic electron microscopy finding in Minimal Change GN?
Which type of antibody is responsible for linear deposition of immune complexes in glomerular lesions?
Which type of antibody is responsible for linear deposition of immune complexes in glomerular lesions?
What is the mechanism of antibody-mediated glomerular injury in situ?
What is the mechanism of antibody-mediated glomerular injury in situ?
What is the role of T-lymphocytes in Minimal Change GN?
What is the role of T-lymphocytes in Minimal Change GN?
What is the primary focus of treatment for diabetic nephropathy?
What is the primary focus of treatment for diabetic nephropathy?
What is the characteristic feature of minimal change disease?
What is the characteristic feature of minimal change disease?
What is the consequence of glycation in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the consequence of glycation in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the definition of pyelonephritis?
What is the definition of pyelonephritis?
What is the complication of diabetic nephropathy that leads to reduced GFR?
What is the complication of diabetic nephropathy that leads to reduced GFR?
What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by in situ Ag-Ab complexes?
What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by in situ Ag-Ab complexes?
What is the stage of diabetic nephropathy characterized by hyperfiltration?
What is the stage of diabetic nephropathy characterized by hyperfiltration?
What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by anti-GBM antibody?
What is the type of glomerulonephritis characterized by anti-GBM antibody?
What is the primary characteristic of immunofluorescence in membranous GN?
What is the primary characteristic of immunofluorescence in membranous GN?
What is the main cause of iron deficiency anemia in patients with membranous GN?
What is the main cause of iron deficiency anemia in patients with membranous GN?
What is the primary mechanism of damage to the GBM in membranous GN?
What is the primary mechanism of damage to the GBM in membranous GN?
What is the primary effect of hyperglycemia on the efferent arterioles in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the primary effect of hyperglycemia on the efferent arterioles in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the characteristic histopathological feature of diabetic nephropathy?
What is the characteristic histopathological feature of diabetic nephropathy?
What is the long-term effect of diabetic nephropathy on the glomerular filtration rate?
What is the long-term effect of diabetic nephropathy on the glomerular filtration rate?
What is the primary effect of non-enzymatic glycation of protein in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the primary effect of non-enzymatic glycation of protein in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the final outcome of the progression of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the final outcome of the progression of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy?
What is the primary reason for the concentration of protein in urine in pre-renal causes?
What is the primary reason for the concentration of protein in urine in pre-renal causes?
What is the primary indication of glucose in urine?
What is the primary indication of glucose in urine?
Which of the following is a hallmark of liver disease?
Which of the following is a hallmark of liver disease?
What is the primary indication of hematuria in urine?
What is the primary indication of hematuria in urine?
What is the primary difference between dysmorphic RBC and intact RBC in urine analysis?
What is the primary difference between dysmorphic RBC and intact RBC in urine analysis?
What is the primary indication of myoglobin in urine?
What is the primary indication of myoglobin in urine?
What is the primary difference between Bence Jones protein and other proteins in urine analysis?
What is the primary difference between Bence Jones protein and other proteins in urine analysis?
What is the primary indication of hyaline casts in urine?
What is the primary indication of hyaline casts in urine?
What is the primary outcome of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
What is the primary outcome of Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
What is the underlying mechanism of Polyuria?
What is the underlying mechanism of Polyuria?
What is the most common type of stone formed in Nephrolithiasis?
What is the most common type of stone formed in Nephrolithiasis?
What is the primary cause of supersaturation of solute in urine?
What is the primary cause of supersaturation of solute in urine?
What is the best test to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
What is the best test to estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
What is the primary goal of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis?
What is the primary goal of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis?
What is the characteristic of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
What is the characteristic of Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
What is the primary investigation for Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
What is the primary investigation for Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)?
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